Wednesday, October 30, 2019

CJUS 350-DB4 Replies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

CJUS 350-DB4 Replies - Essay Example Additionally, you should note the significance of written code in enhancing orderliness and professionalism within the security sector. Overall, the essay is good as it highlights the essence of prioritizing safety and security by all officers irrespective of their ranks. You are quite right in your statement that the nine norms ought to apply to everybody in the sense that the law is meant to protect everyone through collective responsibility. Indeed, the unwritten code of behavior is evident in every officer at least going by the way that the officers take care of each other in terms of security. This is done through personal initiative and therefore, it should not be enforced when it already works even without legal intervention. Concerning ‘The Timing Stinks’ story, it is important to mention that you have rightly stated the officer deserved professional treatment despite his alleged misconduct. Moral obligation dictates that any unbecoming behavior including drunkenness during working hours ought to be approached carefully depending on rank and integrity of the

Monday, October 28, 2019

In Jonathan Kozol Essay Example for Free

In Jonathan Kozol Essay In Jonathan Kozol’s novel Amazing Grace, religion plays a dominant role throughout the book. As Kozol describes the people in poverty of Mott Haven and the myriad horrible circumstances that they face everyday, religion provides their one and only salvation and solace. It is much easier to ask what these children don’t face than what they do. They face people dying daily, prolonged sickness, crime, drugs, abuse, alcoholism, asthma, poverty, dirt, dilapidated housing. They see people die horrific deaths whether it is from AIDS or a little girl falling down an elevator shaft that nobody would fix. They are denied medical care or given substandard care, which means people don’t get better. They attend substandard schools where they receive less than adequate education. What they don’t face is a lot of compassion or empathy. At a time in America when neo-liberalists would like to get rid of government control of the economy, which results in cutting social programs that directly benefit the poor, religion is their only means of hope. Incidentally, neo-liberalists do not have any problem with government subsidies or benefits for businesses. With the rising sentiment of â€Å"I didn’t breed them†¦I don’t want to feed them† (128), this nation’s poor are shoved away and hidden more and more. They are blamed for the problems they face, and less is being done to help. As Reverend Overall says of the lack of mention of 97th Street, though 96th Street is featured in tourist guides,, â€Å"The papers ignore realities like the waste burner, but they do it in a way that tends to neutralize the dangers almost instantly† (187). 97th Street is poverty, and America turns its back on these people in the name of neo-liberalism. The American public believes as Kozol states, â€Å"If only enough children, we are told, would act the way heroes do, say no to drugs and sex and gold chains and TV and yes to homework, values, church and abstinence, and if only enough good parents, teachers, volunteers, and civic-minded business leaders would assist them in these efforts, we could turn this around† (240). This again is blaming the victim, not the society who created these conditions at all. As long as the poor are hidden away in places we run from, the inequalities will continue to exist. And when faced with such an extensive list of problems, what can these people do? They can turn to religion. Religion provides them hope. Churches provide them with food and clean needles and community organizers as well. Church becomes the focal point around which their lives revolve. As Father Glenwith Miller says, â€Å"Many here a great deal more devout then people you would meet in wealthy neighborhoods. Those who have everything they want for need have often the least feeling for religion. The rich are very busy storing everything they can accumulate: wealth, power, or prestige†¦Still I think it grieves to hear of God when human beings created in His image treat other human beings like filthy rags† (78). This quote says a great deal about why people of Mott haven are so religious with a comment about the social responsibility of humanity as well. People from Mott Haven come to church in order to escape bullets and crime for a brief respite. They use church to take away the harshness and darkness of their own lives. Church is someplace where they can hope and dream for something better than they have. Kozol wants the reader to truly understand the power religion has to buoy their spirits against the rising tide they must face everyday—the guns, the violence, the drugs, the sickness, the injustice. A nightly prayer for Mrs. Washington’s children is â€Å"God bless Mommy. God bless Nanny. Don’t punish me because I’m black† (69). Others express the sentiment that god provides a better place after death or are just thankful that God has allowed them to live. Kozol asks Shirley Flowers, a friend of Reverend Overall’s, â€Å"Do your children have the same belief in God that you do? † She replies â€Å"Yes†¦They do. This family talks to God† (169). And when a student of Gizelle Luke’s is asked â€Å"Who do you look up to? , he replies I look up to God, my mother, and myself† (33). These quotes are used to show just how important religion is as a force in their lives. Father Glenworth Miles discusses the importance of God in this community. We are not literal fundamentalists here†¦We see God as a liberating force who calls us to deliver people from oppression. The apparent consensus of the powerful is that the ghetto is to be preserved as a perpetual catch-basin for the poor. It is not about annihilating segregation or even about transformation of the ghetto, but setting up ‘programs’ to teach people to ‘adjust’ to it, to show a ‘functional’ adaptation to an evil institution†¦As a religious man, I see it as my obligation to speak out against this, not to bend the poor to be accommodated to injustice but to empower them to fight it and to try to tear it down† (81). He determines it to be

Saturday, October 26, 2019

The Justification of Reverse Discrimination in Hiring Essay -- Literar

In â€Å"The Justification of Reverse Discrimination in Hiring,† Tom Beauchamp displays statistics of underrepresented races and genders in institutions. The inequality is due to the underlying persistent racism originating decades ago. It has been pervasively executed despite federal laws for equality. The expectation for a level-playing field is not a reality, as statistically show with underrepresented African Americans (1. Beauchamp, CC2011, p 0228). Beauchamp points out that at first sight, reverse discrimination appears immoral, because it crafts a prejudice for one race over another. However, he asserts that this inference is not applicable in the real world where ubiquitous prejudice still exists as indicated by statistics. Because we currently do not have an equal playing field, humans are morally obligated to do whatever it takes to achieve it if they aspire for an ideal equal society (2. Beauchamp, CC2011, p 0226). In order to be liberated from discriminatory prac tices, society must practice reverse discrimination, as it is morally justified for the greater good in the end. Once the equal playing field is reached with the addition of minorities through preferential treatment, reverse discrimination becomes unnecessary. James Rachels bases his moral reasoning for reverse discrimination on what people deserve. Although he is conscious that reverse discrimination appears unfair to those directly affected, he proposes that fairness is dependent on desert. What an individual deserves lies on the effort and willpower for achievement (3. Rachels, CC2011, p 0201). Therefore, it is morally acceptable to execute preferential treatment towards a deserving individual if he or she put in more effort. Rachels’ moral reasoning for sup... ...nforce the negative stereotype that minorities who got in, had an unfair racial advantage. Therefore reverse discrimination has even worse consequences that rise from the glorified end result Rachels suggests with role models. Additionally, I would contend that effort is too subjective to quantify when both parties have distinct unearned disadvantages. Caucasians face different kinds of hurdles such as psychological pressure to succeed and increased competition at better schools, making it more difficult to get good grades. Rachels’ argument is not universal to all situations. This makes reverse discrimination morally wrong when it generalizes Caucasians from disadvantaged backgrounds, to intrinsically possess advantages. Justice is still not met if the policy cannot extend to all circumstances, making even the moderate form of reverse discrimination unfair.

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Catcher in The Rye by J. D. Salinger

In the novel Catcher in The Rye, Salinger has employed a very realistic portrayal of teenagers and how they act. There are plenty of characteristic on how he properly conveyed this to the audience and he also spread these characteristics through-out all of the characters that are used within the novel.Firstly, you have Holden; a teenager who is not always the brightest bulb in the cabinet, but he has a clear understanding on how the world works and yet he ironically does not have the brains to execute this knowledge directly into the world. Secondly, you have Stradlater; a teenager who just spends all his time going out with girls and partying. Some might say he is a ‘party animal’. Lastly, you have Ackley; a mostly grotesque teenager who does not listen to social cues, acts profoundly around people actions and his practically obnoxious about everything (not knowing, that is how he is acting though). So, Salinger’s opinion (when it comes to characteristics of a te enager) is that all teenagers are blatantly ignorant everything, that all teenagers think they can just coast their way through life and do not have any respect for the people around us.Holden does not really think about what he is going to say, he just kind of spits everything out. Maybe he is an intelligent boy and all, but how he speaks and what he says proves otherwise. Holden states â€Å"I practically got T.B†¦ I’m pretty healthy, though.† (J.D Salinger, 5) In this sentence he talks about basically having a life threatening disease and then tries to reassure to the reader that he is ‘pretty healthy’, I personally think that in a logical statement he would have said something on the lines of â€Å"I practically got T.B†¦ [I should get that checked out].† (J.D Salinger, 5)While Holden is having a conversation with Mr. Spencer he even acknowledges his own stupidity to himself/the reader through the idea of immaturity. â€Å"I was sixte en then, and I’m seventeen now, and sometimes I act like I’m about thirteen.† (Salinger, 9) It is kind of ironic if you think about it, he does not want to be known as dumb or stupid or an idiot, yet he has the  occasional time when he acts like a thirteen year old. Holden, he understands where his faults are, but he cannot come to a conclusion on how to actually fix them he just carries on with his day as if it does not matter.Holden’s roommate Stradlater thoroughly enjoys going out on Friday night, Saturday night, well every night. To do so, he has to find ways to be able to still do well in school while 0slacking off and shrugging all his work aside and his solution; anyone he can find. At one point Stradlater and Holden (because they are roommates) meet up in their room and Stradlater asks Holden is he can do a big favour for him and if he was planning on going out. Holden replies asking what the favour is and that he did not have plans of any sorts. Afterwards Stradlater asks ‘the big question’, â€Å"I got about a hundred pages to read for history†¦ How ‘bout writing a composition for me†¦?† (Salinger, 28)In this instance he had just initiated a vital opening for Holden to be a friend or to just blow him off, and Holden accepts the offer and says he will do the paper for him. Stradlater had just avoided doing his work for one reason; he wanted to go out that night with a girl.Stradlater is also a guy who knows how to be flattering enough that he can convince people to do things for him, you could look at it as he has it better than everyone else because he is ‘prettier’ than other people. He compliments Holden’s new hat with the term â€Å"sharp† and then almost instantaneously afterwards asks â€Å"Listen. Are ya gonna write that composition for me? I have to know.† (Salinger, 29) Why did he need to know you might ask? Well, if Holden has explicitly said à ¢â‚¬Å"no.† to him then Stradlater would have stayed in that night to do it, although Holden says â€Å"If I get the time, I will†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Salinger, 29) Stradlater, using Holden like a boat in the river of life, just expects Holden to float on his way through life, carrying Stradlater along while he is having a party in the boat.Finally, there is Ackley. Now, Ackley has a knack for hanging out in the wrong place for too long. In chapter three, Holden is laying down in his room reading a book and enjoying the feeling of his new hat on the top of his head when, let it be hold that his neighbour Ackley comes strolling over into his room without any true intent on why he is there.Ackley moves  friskily around the room, touching everything he can multiple times while trying to hold a conversation with Holden (who clearly does not want one). â€Å"I’ve read this same sentence about twenty times since you came in.† (Salinger, 20) After stating that Ackley was a disturbance to him, he still did not get the hint and clearly not picking up on the cue to get out of Holden’s room. Later on while Ackley is still occupying the room, Holden says to his self â€Å"I sometimes horse around to keep myself from getting bored.† (Salinger, 21) Once Holden starts to annoy Ackley, trying to make him vacate the room he STILL does not leave. So, clearly Ackley has a problem with following what people are trying to put out to him because he is just plain ignorant about other people and quite frankly himself if you were to take a look at how he manages his outer image.In conclusion, J.D Salinger has made the novel Catcher in The Rye a story that really shows how teenagers act/acted. Salinger also adds his own input on how he thinks teenagers act and/or acted in our time period and the time period at which this novel was written and/or published in through the characters he had created. Three of the main characters; Holden, Stradlater and Ackley are all extremely different which expresses a wide variety of teenager characteristic.Holden symbolizes blatant ignorance for the world around him, Stradlater shows us how un-caring and un-motivated teenagers are when it comes to working on anything and lastly, Ackley describes the lack of respect that we as teenagers have for the people around us. Salinger has made it pretty clear that he believes that teenagers need to change and used this novel to get his point across the world.

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Things Fall Apart and Distinctive World

The distinctive world in which the character abides by creates the distinctive voice. Each character is portrayed by their voice and actions. The characteristic of the distinctive world in which he or she inhabits shapes the character. Good_______ Mr turner and fellow students; I have chosen the text â€Å"Things fall apart† by Chinua Achebe to relate to our class text â€Å"The life and crimes of Harry Lavender† by Marele Day. By doing so, I will convey through my perception, the various types and functions of a distinctive voice and how language affects interpretation and shapes the meaning of both the distinctive voice and world.In our class text â€Å"The life and crimes of Harry Lavender† Claudia Valentine, is a private detective of the 1960’s who symbolises women liberation. The deceiving facade of Sydney which she lives in portrays the values of corruption, addiction and crime. This distinctive world created depicts the distinctive voices of Claudia and Harry Lavender, the antagonist of this novel. While describing Harry’s power, domination and concealment over Sydney. Claudia decodes the mysteries and understands more about herself and the distinctive world she resides in.There are two distinctive voices, Claudia Valentine and Harry Lavender. Claudia valentine is shaped to be a strong character, who is not inhibited by traditions. Her independent nature and â€Å"hard bitten† experiences make her more observant and resourceful. However as we keep reading; we understand her insecurities and the subtle heart all women have. Harry Lavender the antagonist of this novel is a man of strong power who is metaphorically illustrated to be the heart, the veins, and the blood of Sydney. He is a man of corruption and crime, and a symbol of the calamitous facade of Sydney.Both voices are created by the world of Sydney or how the author has quoted â€Å"the sewage of Sydney†. Similarly, in the novel â€Å"Things fall a part† by Chinua Achebe; a world is created with the recurring theme beliefs and customs portrayed through contrasts between the Pagan and African cultures. The novel is about an African tribe’s man’s life set in the early 19th century around the time of colonisation in Nigeria. Since childhood he has embarked on a journey to become a successful man in his tribe as he had not been from a respected family by decent.The many differences clash when cultural imperialism takes place and Christianity is imposed. His arrogance and cultural disposition makes him want to take revenge but ends up in a situation of despair, ending his life in shame and misery. The distinctive voice of this novel is the character Okonkwo, the society he lives in reins his thoughts and actions. In an African tribe a man was considered successful by the masculinity, strength, brutality, polygamy; numerous numbers of wives, vengeance is justice and the suppression of â€Å"feminine† emoti ons such as compassion and love.Quoted in the text, â€Å"As a young man of eighteen he had brought honour to his village by throwing Amalinze the cat† by describing Okonkwo’s victory against Amalinze, the author illustrates that honour and fame is only valued through strength. From both the novels there may be a contrast of values, setting and beliefs however both use techniques to convey the world which characterises each distinctive voice. Marele Day distinguishes the voices in â€Å"The life and Crimes of Harry Lavender†. Claudia’s thoughts are in first person and her conversations are expressed in colloquial language, this engages the reader to become more personal with Claudia.However Harry’s voice is portrayed in a formal way, making the character more distant from the reader, expressing less commiseration. To express themes of the distinctive world, Marele uses truncated sentences. â€Å"Close by the bed was a bottle of Jack Daniels: empty . And an ash tray: full. †This quote conveys the addiction present in the distinctive world and Claudia. To express this on a whole the author uses the technique of subvert convention. At the beginning she has awaken next to a blonde which we believe to be a women.Her sardonic humour also indicate the stereotypical male role of a private eye, however we soon realise that she is a women, giving a new perception to the distinctive world created as being sexually liberated. Harry Lavender is portrayed to be the world himself. Through the use of imagery Marele Day characterises Harry Lavender to be the god of the deceiving facade of Sydney. â€Å"Up there is a postcard view of Sydney† this quote describes Sydney to be at his fingertips. The world Marele creates is a world of corruption, addiction, murder and mystery all of which is present in Harry’s character.Likewise in the novel â€Å"Things fall apart†, Culture is the distinctive world created. Okonkwo, st rongly believes in his culture where importance is based on masculinity, strength, and revenge in disparity to the pagan culture where importance is given to profession, wealth and the law of justice. This contrast is a technique which the author uses to express both the distinctive worlds. Simple folk tales are used to express the culture further, giving us a more indepth explanation of Okonkwo’s distinctive world and character. Another technique which the author uses to portray the world is the detailed description of everyday life.An example is the way the author describes the preparation of Okonkwo’s food by his three wives. Overall techniques are strongly used to allow the reader to analyse the distinctive world and voice. Both texts â€Å"the life and crimes of Harry Lavender† and â€Å"things fall apart† demonstrate various types of distinctive voices which use language to shape the meaning of both the distinctive voice and world. Now we learn that distinctive voices not only serve the purpose of communication but create and represent the distinctive world itself.

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

Hassium Facts - Hs or Element 108

Hassium Facts - Hs or Element 108 Element atomic number 108 is hassium, which has the element symbol Hs. Hassium is one of the manmade or synthetic radioactive elements. Only about 100 atoms of this element have been produced so there is not a lot of experimental data for it. Properties are predicted based on the behavior of other elements in the same element group. Hassium is expected to be a metallic silver or gray metal at room temperature, much like the element osmium. All of the isotopes of hassium are radioactive. Martin Diebel / Getty Images Here are interesting facts about this rare metal: Discovery:  Peter Armbruster, Gottfried Munzenber and co-workers produced hassium at GSI in Darmstadt, Germany in 1984. The GSI team bombarded a lead-208 target with iron-58 nuclei. However, Russian scientists had attempted to synthesize hassium in 1978 at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna. Their initial data was inconclusive, so they repeated the experiments five years later, producing Hs-270, Hs-264, and Hs-263. Element Name:  Before its official discovery, hassium was referred to as element 108, eka-osmium or unniloctium. Hassium was the subject of a naming controversy over which team should be given official credit for discovering element 108. The 1992 IUPAC/IUPAP Transfermium Working Group (TWG) recognized the GSI team, stating that their work was more detailed. Peter Armbruster and his colleagues proposed the name hassium from the Latin  Hassias  meaning Hess or Hesse, the German state, where this element was first produced. In 1994, an IUPAC committee recommended making the elements name hahnium (Hn) in honor of the German physicist Otto Hahn. This was despite the convention of allowing the discovering team the right to suggest a name. The German discoverers and the American Chemical Society (ACS) protested the name change and the IUPAC finally allowed element 108 to be officially named hassium (Hs) in 1997. Atomic Number:  108 Symbol:  Hs Atomic Weight:  [269] Group: Group 8, d-block element, transition metal Electron Configuration:  [Rn] 7s2  5f14  6d6 Appearance:  Hassium is believed to be a dense solid metal at room temperature and pressure. If enough of the element were produced, it is expected it would have a shiny, metallic appearance. Its possible hassium could be even more dense than the heaviest known element, osmium. The predicted density of hassium is  41  g/cm3. Properties: Its likely hassium reacts with oxygen in air to form a volatile tetraoxide. Following periodic law, hassium should be the heaviest element in group 8 of the periodic table. It is predicted that hassium has a high melting point, crystallizes in the hexagonal close-packed structure (hcp), and has a bulk modulus (resistance to compression) on par with diamond (442 GPa). Differences between hassium and its homologue osmium would likely be due to relativistic effects. Sources:  Hassium was first synthesized by bombarding lead-208 with iron-58 nuclei. Only 3 atoms of hassium were produced at this time. In 1968, Russian scientist Victor Cherdyntsev claimed to have discovered naturally-occurring hassium in a sample of  molybdenite, but this was not verified. To date, hassium has not been found in nature. The short half-lives of the known isotopes of hassium mean no primordial hassium could have survived to the present day. However, its still possible nuclear isomers or isotopes with longer half-lives might be found in trace quantities. Element Classification:  Hassium is a transition metal that  is expected to have properties similar to those of the platinum group of transition metals. Like the other elements in this group, hassium is expected to have oxidation states of 8, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2. The 8, 6, 4, and 2 states will likely be the most stable, based on the elements electron configuration. Isotopes:  12 isotopes of hassium are known, from masses  263 to 277. All of them are radioactive. The most stable isotope is  Hs-269, which has a half-life of 9.7 seconds. Hs-270 is of particular interest because it possesses magic number of nuclear stability. The atomic number 108 is a proton magic number for deformed (nonspherical) nuclei, while 162 is a neutron magic number for deformed nuclei. This doubly magic nucleus has a low decay energy compared with other hassium isotopes. More research is needed to determine whether or not Hs-270 is an isotope in the proposed island of stability. Health Effects:  While the platinum group metals tend not to be particularly toxic, hassium presents a health risk because of its significant radioactivity. Uses:  At present, hassium is only used for research. Sources Emsley, John (2011). Natures Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to the Elements (New ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. p. 215–7. ISBN 978-0-19-960563-7.Hoffman, Darleane C.; Lee, Diana M.; Pershina, Valeria (2006). Transactinides and the future elements. In Morss; Edelstein, Norman M.; Fuger, Jean. The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements (3rd ed.). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer ScienceBusiness Media. ISBN 1-4020-3555-1.Names and symbols of transfermium elements (IUPAC Recommendations 1994).  Pure and Applied Chemistry  66  (12): 2419. 1994.Mà ¼nzenberg, G.; Armbruster, P.; Folger, H.; et al. (1984). The identification of element 108 (PDF). Zeitschrift fà ¼r Physik A. 317 (2): 235–236. doi:10.1007/BF01421260Oganessian, Yu. Ts.; Ter-Akopian, G. M.; Pleve, A. A.; et al. (1978). ОÐ ¿Ã'‹Ã'‚Ã'‹ Ð ¿Ã ¾ Ã' Ã ¸Ã ½Ã'‚Ð µÃ ·Ã'Æ' 108 Ã' Ã »Ã µÃ ¼Ã µÃ ½Ã'‚Ð ° Ð ² Ã'€Ð µÃ °Ã ºÃ'†Ð ¸Ã ¸ [Experiments on the sy nthesis of element 108 in the 226Ra48Ca reaction] (in Russian). Joint Institute for Nuclear Research.

Monday, October 21, 2019

Enjoy the Career to the Full or 10 Grants for Writers You May Also Gain Being at College

Enjoy the Career to the Full or 10 Grants for Writers You May Also Gain Being at College Enjoy the Career to the Full or 10 Grants for Writers You May Also Gain Being at College Being able to write well can be a great benefit to you in your studies. If your writing really impresses the readers, it probably means that writing is not just a useful skill, but your forte. You may not be aware that there are many different grants available for college students who are excellent writers, but with a little research, you can get ahold of extra money for school. Take a look at the following 10 grants for writers that you can apply for while you’re still in college. 1. Artist Trust If you are a resident of the state of Washington and you are skilled in the literary arts, you may be awarded up to $1,500 to develop, continue, or complete a writing project. $7,500 fellowships are also available, so take a close look at all of the opportunities they can suggest you. 2. Sustainable Arts Foundation Award This $2,000 award for parents with at least one child under the age of 18 goes to writers in the fields of fiction, creative nonfiction, poetry, long form journalism, playwriting, picture books, early and middle grade fiction, young adult fiction, and the graphic novel. Parenting topics may be mentioned in the submitted portfolio. 3. Speculative Literature Foundation Award Awards for writers in the speculative fiction genre are given to writers who are older, working class, diverse, or who travel for research. Deadlines and the amount of the award varies according to the category, but the application is straightforward and easy to complete. 4. The Awesome Foundation Grant These $1,000 award is given by local Awesome Foundation chapters. It is offered to individuals and groups of people who create amazing works of art in various disciplines decided by the local chapters. Check your location on their site to see what they are looking for. 5. Build Your Own Blog New Writer Scholarship New writers at age 16 and up can apply with new, contradict works. There is no age limit – only a requirement that the writer have never been published (or only published a couple times) and that they are hoping to get noticed. 6. National Endowment for the Arts Creative Writing Fellowships This government funded award is available for writers of prose and poetry. It’s an impressive $25,000 award that allows the recipient time for writing, research, travel, and general career advancement. 7. Go on Girl! Unpublished Writer Award You can receive a $1,000 scholarship in addition to publication, attending an awards ceremony, and promotion on Go On Girl!’s website if you’re an unpublished black woman with the desire to write creatively. 8. Richard G. Zimmerman Scholarship The National Press Club offers scholarships to students with impressive creative writing abilities and demonstrated involvement in their communities. If you are chosen, you will receive a $1,000 scholarship. 9. Don and Gerel Nicholls Fellowship in Screenwriting New and amateur screenwriters can receive a $35,000 grant as long as they’re over the age of 18 and haven’t made more than $25,000 from screenwriting in any given year. 10. Creative Capital Awards Creative Capital offers awards to a variety of artists including literary artists, giving up to $90,000 in direct project funding and career development services. As you can see, your great writing skills can lead you on to being independent person, who earns money by him/herself at any age. Remember, none of these grants enjoins you on anything. So, why not to try your efforts and take part? If you ever need professional academic help, you can visit our professional grant proposal writing service .

Sunday, October 20, 2019

Kangaroo Facts

Kangaroo Facts Kangaroos are marsupials that are indigenous to the Australian continent. Their scientific name, Macropus, is derived from two Greek words meaning long foot (makros pous). Their most distinctive characteristics are their large hind legs, long feet, and large tail. Kangaroos are unique in that they are the only animals of their size that use hopping as their primary means of movement. Fast Facts: Kangaroo Scientific Name: MacropusCommon Names: Kangaroo, RooOrder: DiprotodontiaBasic Animal Group: MammalsDistinguishing Characteristics: Large hind legs, long feet, large tail and pouch (females)Size: 3 - 7 feet in heightWeight: 50 - 200 poundsLife Span: 8 - 23 yearsDiet: HerbivoreHabitat: Forests, plains, savannas, and woodlands in Australia and TasmaniaPopulation: Approximately 40 - 50 millionConservation Status: Least concernFun Fact: Like camels, kangaroos may go for periods of time without drinking water. Description Kangaroos are best known for their powerful hind legs, their large feet, and their long powerful tails. They use their legs and feet to hop around, which is their basic means of locomotion, and their tails for balance. Like other marsupials, females have a permanent pouch for raising their young.  A kangaroos pouch is technically called a marsupium and it performs a number of functions. The female kangaroos breasts, which she uses to nurse her young, are inside her pouch. The pouch also functions similarly to an incubator to allow a joey (baby) to fully develop. Lastly, the pouch has a safety function in that it helps to protect the females young from predators.   Kangaroos are usually between 3 to 7 feet in height. They can weigh up to approximately 200 pounds. Other physical characteristics of kangaroos are their relatively small heads with their large, round ears. Due to their hopping ability, they can leap over long distances. Some males may leap to almost 30 feet in one leap. Eastern Grey Kangaroo, Murramarang National park, New South Wales, Australia.   J and C Sohns/Getty Images Plus Habitat and Distribution Kangaroos live in Australia, Tasmania, and surrounding islands in a variety of habitats such as forests, woodlands, plains, and savannas. Depending on the species, kangaroos occupy different niches in the ecosystem. Diet and Behavior Kangaroos are herbivores and their diet consists mainly of a variety of plants such as grasses, shrubs and flowers. Some species may also eat fungi and moss. Kangaroos live in groups called mobs, also known as troops or herds. These mobs are usually headed by the dominant male in the group.   Similar to cows, kangaroos may regurgitate their food to chew it as cud and then swallow once more. This behavior is much rarer in kangaroos than in ruminant animals. Kangaroo stomachs differ from those of cows and similar animals; while both kangaroos and cows have chambered stomachs, the fermentation process in their respective stomachs is different. Unlike cows, the process in kangaroos doesnt produce as much methane, so kangaroos dont contribute as much to methane emissions globally as cows. Kangaroos are usually active at night and in the early morning hours, but their overall activity pattern is varied. Their rest periods are restricted almost exclusively to a diurnal (during the day) pattern. Similar to camels, they may go for periods of time without drinking water due to their relative inactivity during the day when it is hotter. Since their diet consists of plants, their water needs can be largely satisfied by the water content present in the plants that they eat. Reproduction and Offspring Eastern Grey Kangaroo with Joey in Pouch.   Gary Lewis/Photolibrary/Getty Images Plus Kangaroos have a varied breeding season. Reproduction takes place all year long, but the Australian summer months of December to February are the most common. Male kangaroos may flex their muscles to attract females and can fight for the right to breed with females. Females usually produce one baby kangaroo, called a joey. After becoming impregnated, a kangaroo will have her baby after a gestation period of a little longer than a month (approximately 36 days). The baby joey weighs about .03 of an ounce and is less than one inch in length when born, about the size of a grape. After birth, the joey will use its forelimbs to travel through its mothers fur to her pouch, where it will remain for the first few months of its life. After five to nine months, depending on the species, the joey will typically leave the pouch for brief periods of time. After about nine to eleven months, the joey will leave its mothers pouch for good. Females can enter heat after giving birth, so they may become pregnant while a joey is still nursing in her pouch. The developing baby will enter a dormant state that coincides with their older sibling leaving the mothers pouch. When the older sibling leaves the pouch, the mothers body will send hormonal signals to the developing baby so that it will resume its development. A similar process occurs if the mother is pregnant and the older joey dies in her pouch. Conservation Status Kangaroos are designated as least concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Their population is very abundant and by most estimates, there are more kangaroos in Australia than people. Estimates range from a population of 40 to 50 million kangaroos, which continues to increase. Humans are the main threat to kangaroos since they are hunted for both their meat and their hides. Humans can also contribute to the loss of kangaroo habitat due to land clearing for development. Predator threats include dingos and foxes. Kangaroos use their teeth, claws, and strong hind legs as defense mechanisms against such predators. Species There are four major species of kangaroos. The red kangaroo (Macropus rufus) is the largest. Males of the species have red/brown fur. Other species include the eastern grey kangaroo (Macropus giganteus), the western grey kangaroo (Macropus fuliginosus), and the antilopine kangaroo (Macropus antilopinus). The eastern grey kangaroo is the second largest species and is known as the great grey species, while the western grey kangaroo is also known as the black-faced kangaroo due to its distinctive facial coloring. The antilopines name means antelope-like and they are found in northern Australia. Some scientists consider there to be six species of kangaroo, including two species of wallaroo (Macropus robustus and Macropus bernardus). Wallaroos are considered to be closely related to both wallabies and kangaroos. Herd of kangaroos at twilight (Coombabah Lake, QLD, Australia).    Kangaroos and Humans Humans and kangaroos have a long and varied interaction pattern with one another. Humans have long used kangaroos for food, clothing, and some types of shelter. Due to their increasing numbers, kangaroos can be viewed as pests, particularly by farmers when kangaroos compete for grazing land. Kangaroos are often present in grasslands and areas that are typical farmland so resource competition may take place. Kangaroos are not typically aggressive when grazing. The situation of farmers seeing kangaroos as pests is similar to how many in the United States may see deer as pests. Sources Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. Kangaroo. Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, Inc., 11 Oct. 2018, www.britannica.com/animal/kangaroo.â€Å"Kangaroo Facts!† National Geographic Kids, 23 Feb. 2017, www.natgeokids.com/uk/discover/animals/general-animals/kangaroo-facts/.â€Å"Kangaroo Mob.† PBS, Public Broadcasting Service, 21 Oct. 2014, www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/kangaroo-mob-kangaroo-fact-sheet/7444/.â€Å"Kangaroo Reproduction.† Kangaroo Facts and Information, www.kangarooworlds.com/kangaroo-reproduction/.

Saturday, October 19, 2019

Islam, how this was introduced to the United States Essay

Islam, how this was introduced to the United States - Essay Example Islam is a religion which believes only in the existence of one God. Islam was said to have started way back from the time of Columbus. Muslim slaves were brought to the continent of United States to work. Waves of immigrants soon travelled to United States. These immigrants were mostly from the Lebanon, Palestine and Pakistan countries. During the early 1950s, there was an invasion of Muslim professionals who settled in the country after completing their studies. Muslim communities started to be formed and mosques were built. There were scholars and missionaries who came from Middle East. During this time, Islam began to gain support among the Americans. During this period, there was formation of national Islamic groups. Those Muslims who were not practitioners started to get back to their roots and realized the importance of their faith. Today, Mosques, Islamic centers, and school can be located in every community. The Muslims are now speaking up for their faith openly and making s ignificant contributions to values and morals. At present, Islam is said to be the fastest growing faith in the country. The simplicity of Islam and its appeal both to reason and to the heart accounts for its tremendous appeal (A Brief History of Islam in the United States, n.d.). The religion focuses with teachings about God, human responsibility and the life hereafter (A Brief History of Islam in the United States, n.d.). ... other religion, it honors the previous great prophets such as Jesus, Noah, Abraham, Moses, David and many others, and also reiterates the belief of ascribing divinity to the Creator alone (A Brief History of Islam in the United States, n.d.). The Basic Practices of Islam Muslims all over the world follow five pillars for guidance in shaping their religious practice (Rood, 1994). Aside from the laws and traditions, these pillars are very important for Islam. Rick Rood (2004) enumerated the five pillars of Islam religion: First, "There is no God but Allah, and Muhammed is his prophet." These creed should be recited in the presence of two witnesses to constitute oneself as a Muslim. Second, the regular practice of prayers. Sunni Muslims pray five times a day while Shi’ites Muslims pray three times a day. Third, almsgiving. Their religion requires 2.5% of one’s income to be given to the less fortunate or to the spread of Islam. Fourth, is the fasting during the month of Ram adan. Muslims are required to give up all food and liquid intake during daylight hours. Fifth, the Hajj or pilgrimage to Mecca. If possible, Muslims are to make a pilgrimage to Mecca once during his life. Sometimes, a sixth pillar is added (Rood, 1994). This is the Jihad is sometimes called the â€Å"holy war† which means the â€Å"exertion† or â€Å"struggle† in behalf of God. Islam teaches that if a Muslim dies in a holy war, he is rewarded of heaven or the paradise of God. The Effects of Islam in the United States There is a wide spread of Islam in the United States. There are immigrants, workers, professionals such as doctors. The Muslims are making their own contribution to America. The community is united by their faith in Allah. As of today, these American Muslims contributed not only to Islamic

Software updates Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Software updates - Essay Example Most important, automatic updates allow computer operating system to be up to date at all by installing all update. Whereas automatic updates have some advantages, this feature has some drawbacks, as well. When automatic updates are turned on, users who have limited bandwidth can be inconvenienced, as their computer will download the files consuming bandwidth. Automatic updates can also nag computer users who may be forced to leave their work and attend to the automatic updater. Further, automatic update can slow down the computer when someone is using the computer. The drawbacks of automatic updates are meaningful considering the importance of automatic. Automatic updates ensure that users are well protected from threats, as well as against operating system faults. In a busy environment, automatic updating protects users at all time because of its ability to synchronize updates with computer systems (Hart-Davis, 2007). As a safe practice, I have automatic update turned on. There are many reasons why tuning on automatic updates are important to me. Using such a feature, I am always securing my computer knowing what my computer is well secure from works, but also from viruses and malware. There are some of the benefits that motivate me to use automatic

Friday, October 18, 2019

Strategic Alternatives and Inplementation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Strategic Alternatives and Inplementation - Essay Example One of the most important advantages that the firm will be able to derive from this strategic step would be to focus on its core competencies. By outsourcing tasks such as the installation of meters as well as monitoring functions, it will be able to direct its energies in effectively forecasting the demand and upgrade its capacity to fulfill the future demands that may arise due to increases in population. However, the formation of strategic alliances may result into the dilution of control of the organization over certain of its functions and it may be forced to continue its strategic alliances in order to continue to enjoy such services. What is also significant to note that the firm may not develop its internal competencies to cope with such type of problems. Process Re-engineering is another important strategic alternative that the organization needs to perform in order to control different activities and their overall impact on the performance of the firm. It seems that the different tasks that are performed within the organization are relatively inefficient and does not lead to the achievement of the overall strategic objectives of the organization. Since the organization faces certain constraints such as non-availability of the indigenous workforce as well as lack of effective HR policies and procedures, therefore, a process- re-engineering will be an effective method to radically modify the existing systems and procedures. Process Re-engineering will allow the organization to revamp its various systems and procedures and redesign the same according to its existing capabilities and resources. It is also significant to understand that the implementation of this strategic alternative shall take place in a phased manner with the introduction of the change management process at the organizational level. Achieving the full-time commitment of the top management of the firm is another important step that needs to be completed before the formal initiation of the process. Further, the firm must also identify the different processes that need to be modified in order to achieve the overall increase in the efficiency of the organization. The identification of the processes, however, needs to be done on an enterprise-wide level with more focus on re-engineering the core activities of the firm. The design phase shall include the re-designing of the activities according to the best practices.

Career Goals and Future Aspirations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Career Goals and Future Aspirations - Essay Example Econometrics and time series modules, Advanced Financial Models and Financial Reporting, Derivatives, Economic Foundations and Management Practice, among others. These course modules would assist in achieving one’s aims through the honing of skills in financial concepts, cognitive and analytical skills in evaluation of financial statements, developing in-depth understanding of trading, specifically buying and selling shares, bonds and assets for different investors, and in harnessing management skills including applications of planning, organizing, directing and controlling functions. Finally, I have plans to take examinations of the Charted Financial Analyst where Judge Business School’s curriculum has been acknowledged to incorporate a large part of CFA Level 1 curriculum that would be instrumental in progressing in my career path. Besides the expertise in the finance area, Judge Business School would appropriately provide an unparalleled platform to network with the right connections in the financial field, which would widen my professional experience and eventually accord a competitive advantage to practice my craft as an excellent financial trader on a global sphere.

Thursday, October 17, 2019

MIH 514 - Cross Cultural Health Perspectives (Mod 1 CBT) Essay

MIH 514 - Cross Cultural Health Perspectives (Mod 1 CBT) - Essay Example From the cultural standpoint, one cannot but helping that Sharia laws are being used in this country to subvert all kinds of cultures except Islamic ones. Moreover, only selective laws to address professed activities against the culture are being used. For instance, action against corruption which is banned under Sharia is not enforced by the government. This could get exasperated if they were enforce Shariah laws not only for local population but also for other â€Å"non-Muslims† the expatriates and foreign visitors to this country. â€Å"The laws should be extended to non-Muslims, too, he said, a move that would place Aceh in the same ranks as Saudi Arabia† (Asia pacific: Indonesian province embraces Islamic law, 2006, para.4). The main external force, to my mind is the exertion of the dominant culture in the evolutionary pattern of this culture, and perhaps the low tolerance to cultures not akin to the reigning Islamic culture and Sharia laws. While it is necessary for local governments to enforce law and order to maintain the cultural identify and moral integrity of Islamic precepts, it is also necessary that the cultural aspects of other religions need also be respected, especially if does not do any harm to the administration. Besides the aspects of having a global multicultural work force of illegal and legal expatriates, refugees, asylum seekers, employment (multinational corporations and migrant workers) are also contributing, in no small measure, to the enforcement of laws that stem from external forces, mainly law enforcement. It would be injudicious to believe that one’s group is superior to others, especially in multi cultural settings such as the one witnessed in the Acehian context. While country specific laws are needed to keep the place safe, it should not be overstretched to accommodate and enforce corporeal punishment at the slightest non material offence. Drinking may be an offence under Islamic laws, and this could be kept within

Does the impact of higher education have large effects on an Essay

Does the impact of higher education have large effects on an individual's income - Essay Example e most supportive in respect of offering the individuals with maximum earning level in the aftermath of the completing their formal and professional education. The study will be supported with Labour Theory of Value developed by David Ricardo and Income Distribution Theory of contemporary era. The researcher aims to choose the culturally diversified society of the United Kingdom as the universe of his research, where the people belonging to different education and income levels will be taken as the units of analysis for the present study. In addition, being demographically diversified city, the individuals belonging to divergent cultural, religious, social, economic, racial and ethnic groups and communities could be selected as the sample of the present study. The researcher will select both the genders as well as different age groups by applying quota sampling in his study in order to justify the complete presentation of various groups of society. It may take approximately three months in the completion of the entire research work. After the gathering of the data, the findings would be tabulated and the statistical tests would be applied in order to interpret the results, on the basis of which the hypotheses were either accepted or rejected subsequently. This part of the dissertation has been dedicated to all those who have made their valuable contributions at any level during the completion of the present research. First of all, the researcher pays his humble gratitude to his Lord, Almighty God the Omnipotent, Who has blessed him with the power to accomplish this arduous task of writing the dissertation and displaying his gifted abilities in the field of research and writing. Secondly, the researcher also feels happy in paying his sincere thanks to his compassionate parents, who provided him with the shelter of their unwavering love, affection and kindness as well as a very comfortable atmosphere during the conducting of his research work. Moreover, the

Wednesday, October 16, 2019

MIH 514 - Cross Cultural Health Perspectives (Mod 1 CBT) Essay

MIH 514 - Cross Cultural Health Perspectives (Mod 1 CBT) - Essay Example From the cultural standpoint, one cannot but helping that Sharia laws are being used in this country to subvert all kinds of cultures except Islamic ones. Moreover, only selective laws to address professed activities against the culture are being used. For instance, action against corruption which is banned under Sharia is not enforced by the government. This could get exasperated if they were enforce Shariah laws not only for local population but also for other â€Å"non-Muslims† the expatriates and foreign visitors to this country. â€Å"The laws should be extended to non-Muslims, too, he said, a move that would place Aceh in the same ranks as Saudi Arabia† (Asia pacific: Indonesian province embraces Islamic law, 2006, para.4). The main external force, to my mind is the exertion of the dominant culture in the evolutionary pattern of this culture, and perhaps the low tolerance to cultures not akin to the reigning Islamic culture and Sharia laws. While it is necessary for local governments to enforce law and order to maintain the cultural identify and moral integrity of Islamic precepts, it is also necessary that the cultural aspects of other religions need also be respected, especially if does not do any harm to the administration. Besides the aspects of having a global multicultural work force of illegal and legal expatriates, refugees, asylum seekers, employment (multinational corporations and migrant workers) are also contributing, in no small measure, to the enforcement of laws that stem from external forces, mainly law enforcement. It would be injudicious to believe that one’s group is superior to others, especially in multi cultural settings such as the one witnessed in the Acehian context. While country specific laws are needed to keep the place safe, it should not be overstretched to accommodate and enforce corporeal punishment at the slightest non material offence. Drinking may be an offence under Islamic laws, and this could be kept within

Tuesday, October 15, 2019

Air and Land Pollution Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Air and Land Pollution - Assignment Example Besides the adverse effects of land pollution on the human health, there are other effects of land pollution. These effects include changes in the climatic cycles, effects on the wildlife; environmental impacts such global warming among other effects.There are possible measures that should be put in place so as to combat the effects of land pollution. First, people should be made aware about waste recycling and reuse. Farmers should be encouraged to reduce the usage of fertilizers and pesticides in their agricultural activities. People should buy biodegradable products and dumping sites should be located away from residential places.Deforestation is situations where there are large number of trees cut down without plant more. Deforestation can lead to ecological imbalances and climate changes. Global warming is gradual rise in average temperatures on earth surface and ocean.Air pollution is the accumulation of substances in the atmosphere that are a threat to human and animal health. There have been increased cases of air pollution all over the world and mostly in developed countries. Polluted air contains one or more hazardous contaminants or pollutants that are dangerous to general health. The increased air pollution has been as a result of quick growth in urban population, increased industrialized and the increased demand for motor vehicles and energy. Other causes of air pollution are poor production technology, poor environmental regulation, poorly maintained cars and congested.

Monday, October 14, 2019

Organizational Ethics Essay Example for Free

Organizational Ethics Essay My intent in writing this paper is to describe how ethical principles can address organizational issues. The organization that I have chosen to explore is the Boeing Company specifically and the aerospace manufacturing industry as a whole, more generally. I will cover the role that external social pressures play in influencing the industry in both their compliance with government and professional ethics. I will also endeavor to highlight how the pressures brought to bear on the industry by the public and the government is relevant to their decisions both corporately and individually by their employees. Finally, I will share my thoughts on the relationship between legal and ethical issues with regard to the industry. To begin then, let’s explore what role external social pressures have in influencing the Boeing Company and by extension, the aerospace industry’s organizational ethics. The level of trust that must be present by the public in the company that builds the airplane they fly in is best described in the words of the Boeing employee code of conduct â€Å"†¦must not engage in conduct or activity that may raise questions as to the companys honesty, impartiality, or reputation or otherwise cause embarrassment to the company.† (Boeing, 2014) Boeing and the entire aerospace industry are hyper aware of their image and the perceptions of the flying public. When social pressure is brought to bear the entire industry takes notice and works to renew and enhance the public’s trust. For example, last year Boeing experienced a public relations nightmare when their new 787 Dreamliner aircraft experienced problems with Lithium Ion Batteries. An aircraft caught fire while waiting to be refueled and prepared for its next use. When news of the incident became known it was received with widespread fear and seeded mistrust of the airframe in the public, in the airline customer and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). The entire 787 worldwide fleet was grounded until resolution could be  made to ensure public and aircraft safety. The speed with which Boeing and the FAA dealt with the problem shows beyond any doubt that social pressure influences Boeing and the entire aerospace industry. Aerospace companies are constantly working to keep and enhance the trust of the public and to remain in compliance with the strictest government standards. The Core Values of the Boeing Company are Integrity, Quality, Safety, Diversity and Inclusion, Trust and Respect, Corporate Citizenship and finally Stakeholder Success. (Boeing, 2014) It is interesting to me that stakeholder success is the last item on the list. Boeing sees their public owners as being lowest on their corporate priority list with regard to ethics. In other words they see the need to be ethical as higher than being profitable. The need to be perceived in the public arena as ethical and trustworthy while also remaining in compliance with very lofty government standards demonstrates how Boeing and the aerospace industry strive to perform at a level which helps to mitigate the need for public or social pressure to influence their decisions. The issues the aerospace industry routinely deals with remain relevant and continually influence the decisions made and direct the way the companies involved expect their employee’s personal decisions to be made. Everything Boeing and its employees do have the potential to impact the public trust. In a broader sense the organizational ethics of the aerospace industry are determined by multiple factors. As already mentioned the flying public’s trust is a major factor but added to that are the airlines which operate the aircraft, the government agencies who retain oversight on the industry as a whole and the corporate citizens who build the aircraft. A great deal of effort goes into ensuring each of these levels of influence are balanced and mesh as seamlessly as possible with the core values mentioned above. As I have discovered, the aerospace industry is heavily influenced by many government agencies. Through regulation and legislation these agencies impact the aerospace industry’s relationship with both the public and its stakeholders. The relationship which exists between these entities creates in many instances a legally mandated set of codes which govern the way the aerospace industry conducts business. In the United States the FAA has the ability and, arguably, the responsibility to mandate that certain rules and standards are met in the construction and operation of airplanes. Whether the airplanes are used to transport the flying public  or are designated experimental and only flown under strictly controlled circumstances makes no difference. The ability of a government agency to enforce rules or a code at a level as invasive as exists in the entire aerospace industry creates a question of whether the ethics embraced by the aerospace industry would be at the level they currently enjoy if the amount of regulation was not the same. In a more direct fashion the question then begs itself; given the influences of the public, the airline operators, and the government agencies with oversight, is the aerospace industry as a whole independently ethically responsible or are they forced to be so? When I attempted to determine if there is a clear definition of what ethically responsible means I fell short. The definition is subjective at best and invariably indistinct. I can therefore only use my personal definition to gage what I can research and see for myself to make a determination much as you the reader must do. As I stated my intent in writing this paper was to describe how ethical principles can address organizational issues. Strictly speaking, I may have drifted afield of a clear presentation of that description. However, the role that external social pressures play in influencing the aerospace industry in both compliance with government and professional ethics was demonstrated throughout as well as how the pressures brought to bear on the industry by the public and government is relevant to their decisions both corporately and individually by their employees. Last but certainly not least, I sought to determine the relationship between legal and ethical issues in reference to the aerospace industry which left me with an unanswered and perhaps unanswerable question. Works Cited Boeing Company. (2014). Boeing.com. Retrieved Dec 1, 2014, from Boeing Ethic Home Page: http://www.boeing.com/boeing/companyoffices/aboutus/ethics/

Sunday, October 13, 2019

Notable Clauses In Icheme Contracts Construction Essay

Notable Clauses In Icheme Contracts Construction Essay A construction project can be have a good start. Owner according to their own actual situation choose Procurement Methods. And Then according to the time, quality, costs etc, choose the tendering methods. Finally according to their own construction project consider based on the main body of the building design select a standard form of contract. 2. Procurement Methods The procurement is a term used to describe the activities carried out by the client or employer is seeking to bring construction or renovation of buildings. It is a mechanism which provides a solution to the question: how do I get my project built? In most projects, the client (usually through their advisers or internal team) will start the procurement process by developing a project strategy. The strategy needs to weigh the benefits, risks, and budget constraints of a project to determine what is the most appropriate method, procurement contractual arrangements will be required. With every project, the clients concerns focus on time, cost and quality (or performance) in relation to both the design and construction of the building. Understanding of risk is very important, because although each procurement methods follow a comprehensive set of rules and procedures, there are risks associated with select any particular route. The JCT contract specifically for different procurement methods are used in the construction industry. There are three main procurement methods : Traditional system Client development projects of the business use cases, provide a brief, budget an designate a team of consultants to prepare a design, plus the tender document. Client appoints the construction contractor construction architect design, by the completion date of the contract and the agreed price. Usually much of the work is sub-contracted to specialist firms but the contractor remains liable. Consulting firm manage the contract on behalf of the client, and suggested that the relevant aspects of the design, progress and stage payments must be paid by the client. Separate contractors from design can mean lost opportunities for contractor or expert contractors to enter. This strategy is the choice of a low-risk client want to reduce their exposure to cost overruns, delays, or design failure. This is probably the most commonly used method of procurement and it is suitable for: all clients, including inexperienced clients complex projects and projects where functionality is a prime objective However, it is not suitable for fast track projects Figure 1: traditional procurement process Source: http://www.google.com.hk/imgres Design and build system The main contractor is responsible for both design and construction and will use either internal designers or employment consultants to perform design. Most of the construction work will be carried out by the experts or subcontractors. Design and build approach gives the client a single point of contact. However, the cost of construction costs submitted by the client, as well as an earlier design than the traditional method. While the risk transfer of the contractor, which is very important to the design of liability insurance is to keep it to cover the risk.Change by the client in the design can be expensive, because they affect the entire design and construction contract, not just the cost of the design team. This method of procurement involves the contractor being responsible for design as well as construction, it can be suitable for: all clients, including inexperienced clients and those requiring distance from the project. cost certainty faster track However, it is not suitable for: an uncertain or developing client brief complex buildings Figure 2: design and build procurement process Source: http://www.google.com.hk/imgres Management Contracting The client appoints designers and a contractor(management contractor) separately and pays the contractor a fee for managing the construction works. A feature is the early appointment of the contractor to work alongside the design team to develop a programme for construction and contribute to the design and costing of the works. The works are let competitively by the management contractor to subcontractors and specialists in appropriate works packages. This approach often means that design and the start on site overlap, with the design and tender packages becoming available just-in-time to suit the construction programme. Management contractor will not carry out construction work. This preserves the management independent contractors and strengthen a consulting firms relationship with its customers. Payment plus a consent fee based on the cost of works package to the management contractor. This is suitable for: fast track projects complex buildings a developing brief However, it is less suitable for: inexperienced clients cost certainty before starting construction clients wanting to pass risk to the contractor Figure 2: Management Contracting process Source: http://www.google.com.hk/imgres Tendering This offer the time needed to complete a project, money and other conditions related to contractual obligations to complete construction projects collectively form a tender. Management and business decisions to tender is called a tender, to do so is based on a variety of details, such as estimated. There are three types of tendering methods used in construction industry: 1. Open Tendering An open tender is a tender invitation sent to all interested contractors, so they can submit the tender. This process is considered to be one of the most fair way, even an unknown or new contractor can have the opportunity to get the contract. Advantage of the open tender To the high level of competition and contractors often give the best price and the other bidding methods. There is no limit bidders list, it does not allow favoritism. This is a very transparent process, to ensure that the contractors and the best price and meeting all the technical requirements to win the tender. This process is usually by procurement management board, its staff is trained to make this exercise and the Board to ensure that all procedures involved in the tender. The disadvantage of the public tender The low prices are usually damage the quality and often cause the client to get the low-quality work and night to complete the work. In view of its public tender, where the number does not limit the contractor bidding to become coarse, tender analysis and lengthy work often leads to delays and high cost. 2. Selective Tendering In this process, the selected contractors were invited to tender to tender. However, this approach leaves a lot of space prejudices. This process can reduce the competition for those invited to tender. The method has been applied to the case when building a little selective and requires high-tech and specialized expertise, skills and experience. Only those contractors to meet all these needs is to invite tenders. Advantage of selective tender An advertisement may produce several interested contractors and suitable Firms are selected to tender. The consultants may contact those they would wish to put on an ad-hoc list. Many local government and national institutions to maintain approved contractor list in certain categories, such as the type of work and cost range. Require the Contractor to include in the select list of bidders usually required to provide the information on their financial and technical performance, especially when you consider the type of work. National Joint Advisory Committee Building (NJCC) wrote a standard form of tender questionnaire Private so the contractor can be ready to answer related issues in advance. These problems are mainly processing projects in the past three years. Once the form has been completed, it can be used for a specific project or compile a list of the selected contractor 3. Negotiated Tendering. This process involves negotiations tender consulting client select contractors consultation contract, its terms and conditions. This process uses a special case. For example, usually in the case of an emergency, you need to complete a project in a very short period of time or complex contracts, financial and technical performance are difficult to identify. This proposed standard procedure for situations involving the safety of major national projects. STANDARD FORM OF CONTRACT A standard form contract (sometimes referred to as an adhesion or boilerplate contract) is a contract between the two parties, the terms and conditions of the contract party, the other is set on a either accept it or leave it stance with little or noability to negotiate terms that are more favorable to it. Example of the standard form of contract insurance (insurance companies decide what will and will not guarantee that the wording of the contract) and contracts with government agencies (in some terms must be included by law or regulation). There are many of the standard form of contract for international construction project. Such as FIDIC JCT IChemE etc. Standard Form Contracts: FIDIC FIDIC is International Federation of Consulting Engineers, the French acronym. It was founded in 1913, aims to promote the interests of engineering companies in the global consulting. It is best known for its range of standard contract conditions for the construction of plants and design industry. FIDIC form of contract is the most widely used form of the international community, including the World Bank, its projects. The the FIDIC rainbow kit new contract was published in 1999, including: Red Book: employer of construction conditions of contract for architectural and engineering design; Yellow book: Conditions of Contract for Plant and Design; Silver book: Conditions of Contract for EPC / Turnkey Engineering; Green book: a short form of the contract conditions. These new form of the first version and user-friendly design, with a standardized method to reduce the general conditions from the more than 60-year-old to 20 terms and conditions. Additional forms since 1999, including: Blue book: the contract dredging and reclamation; MDB / FIDIC Contract: FIDIC conditions included in the standard tender documents multilateral development banks; The White Paper: client / consultant model services agreement; Kims book: FIDIC design, construction and operation of the project. Red and yellow book has a similar structure, with 20 of the general conditions. Have guidance, assist in the preparation of the special conditions, and add specific conditions. The Red Book (construction contract for building and engineering employers) to work for the employer is responsible for the design. This is a re-contract, which means the employer and the contractor agreed to in the the contract rent type of work, and those interest rates will be applied to the amount of work, contractor implementation. Employers need a lot of risk is estimated to be more or less accurate, the contractor must ensure that the number of the unit price is enough. The yellow book (plants and design, construction contract) works designed for the use of contractors. This is a one-time contract, the Contractor undertakes to deliver the project, a fixed price. Contractors, therefore, requires a lot of risk. Standard form contracts: JCT JCT contract, in the form of the most common standard form of construction contract in the United Kingdom, accounting for about 70% of the UK project. The Joint Contracts Tribunal Joint Contracts Tribunal, composed of seven members represent a broad range of interests in the building and construction industry. It produces standard forms of contract, notes and other standard documentation used in industry. The JCTs intention, they represent a balance between the parties to allocate risk arising from contracts. The JCT suite of contracts The latest version is the 2011 package. Need to consider the to modify housing grants, construction and regeneration Act of 1996, thus affecting the payment. However, previous JCT is still in use. Main contract JCT suite (see the JCT Contract) listed below. This guide will focus on the following form: Standard construction contract (SBC); Design and build (DB). Format and structure A JCT contract in the standard format is: Articles of agreement; Contract matters: these contain specific information; Conditions of Contract; Timetable. The contract payments JCT flexible. They may allow pre-paid contractor from the employer, usually accompanied by payment of security such as bonds and / or invoice once the work is completed certification. Certification by an independent third party (such as architects, the employers agent or contract administrator). Usually paid by the temporary work progress. Design Build Contract D B is a popular form of contract in the JCT suite and is often used for large-scale, complex construction projects, such as stadiums, shopping centers and office buildings. It uses public and private sectors. The key characteristics contractor D B contract will design works to it by the employer based on demand (ie, employers hope from the building). The contractor will have a contractors proposal (set how the contractor will receive the needs of employers). Then, it will perform a total work (see the contractors proposal) Standard Building Contract Sometimes described as traditional contracting, the contractor will not be involved in any aspect of the design in a Southern Baptist. Works will be reference to the drawings and BOQ prepared by or on behalf of the employer to the contractor. BOQis actually a list of project construction cost (including a description of the number of projects and needs) and pay the foundation. Standard Form Contracts: IChemE The institution of Chemical Engineers (IChemE) is a global professional engineering organization, was founded in 1922. It creates two sets of forms of contract for international and UK projects in the process industries such as food production, chemical and pharmaceutical. These are turnkey contract for the project is transferred to the buyer in a ready-to-use condition. Each form of IChemE Contracts Manual contains a model form of agreement, general conditions and detailed guide pointed out to assist the user to prepare a contract. This guide provides a simple look at the three main IChemE forms of contract. The three major forms of contract IChemE contracts for the procurement process plants specialized machinery but can be used for other infrastructure projects. The three main forms of contract are color-coded according to the pricing mechanism. Red Book Lump sum, or fixed-price contract: A fixed price for the entire work; Contractor the risk of any additional costs exceed the fixed price; The contractor may still recover additional costs depending on the agreement. Green Book Repayment contract: Contractor may be required to recover the costs in the implementation; There is no pre-fixed price; The contractor will take fewer risks. Burgundy Book the target cost contract: Pricing mechanism is a variation in the terms of repayment; The costs can be claimed a fixed level (goal of); The final cost is higher or lower than this target, different gains or losses shared in an agreed proportion. The IChemE publication of the international form of red, green and Burgundy Books in 2007. Contract structure The contracts IChemE package follow the same basic structure: Agreement; contract conditions; generally; special: and other standard forms of contract, specific conditions are necessary and need to be drafted to meet the law applicable to the project. The other specific conditions may also be needed; specification; timetable. Notable clauses in IChemE contracts Extensive testing system: IChemE contracts contain a more comprehensive testing program for before and after the completion of, than some other standard forms of contract; Acquisition of tests and procedures: the IChemE detailed testing mechanism including separate tests when the project is completed, when the plant is in the employer receives. Analyses the contractors obligation against the design consultants liability during the design stage According to this project use the FIDIC(YELLOW BOOK) Contractors General Obligations The Contractor shall design, execution and completion of the works in accordance with the contract, shall remedy any defects in the works. Once completed, this work should be suitable for the purpose of work as defined in the contract. The Contractor shall provide plants and contractors in the file specified in the contract, and all contractor personnel, goods, supplies and other things and services, whether it is a temporary or permanent nature, requirements and the design, execution and completion of and repair defects.The Works shall include any work which is necessary to satisfy the Employers Requirements, The contractors proposal and timetable, or implied contract, and all the work (although not mentioned in the contract) is necessary, stable or complete, or safety, proper operation works. Appropriate, stability and security of the Contractor shall be responsible for all site all methods of operation, construction, and all the works. The Contractor shall, whenever required by the Engineer, submit a detailed arrangements and methods of using contractors for the execution of works. There was no significant change in these arrangements and methods should had informed the engineer. General Design Obligations Contractor shall implement responsible design works. Designers should be designed to prepare qualified engineers or other professionals to comply with the standards (if any) specified in the employers needs.Unless otherwise provided in the contract, the Contractor shall agree with the name of the matters and each designer and design subcontractors. The Contractor warrants that, he, his designers and subcontractors have the experience and capacity necessary for the design. Contractors, designers should be available to participate in the discussion of the engineers at any reasonable time, until the expiry date of the Defects Notification Period. Commencement of the works in the receipt of the notice under section 8.1 [Contractor shall carefully review the requirements of the employer (including design criteria and calculations, if any) and the items mentioned in paragraph 4.7 of the reference [set]. Within the time limit specified in the Appendix to Tender, calculated from the Commencement Date, the Contractor shall notify the Engineer of any error, error or other defect found a reference to the needs of employers, or these entries. After receiving this notice, the Engineer shall determine the terms of 13 years [variation and adjustment] applies, shall notify the Contractor accordingly.In a way, (taking into account the cost and time) an experienced contractor due diligence exercise will find the error, error or other defect when the inspection site and employer requirements before submission of tender, completion time may not be extended and the contract. The price shall not be adjusted. Conclusion First Based on this case study, the essay show us a Singaporean company proposes to build a 40-storey hotel with 2 levels of basements at City Square, Johor, facing the water front. And then the Singaporean company entered into a contract with Alpha Design Tech. Pvt.Ltd, a Singaporean design consultant. And Alpha Design Tech Pvt. Ltd is responsible for design and selection of contractor for the client. A Malaysian builder was awarded the project with condition that the Malaysia contractor company would enter into a contract with Alpha Design Tech Pvt. Ltd here on. So i think the most suitable procurement system is he novated design and build method. Because the client(Singaporean company ) want to use the design team(Alpha Design Tech. Pvt.Ltd) make plan so They reach the contract relationship. And design team to find think appropriate contractor, the contractor must be use the design teams drawing. Usually, this way is novated design and build method. Second in this case study The Singaporean company is concerned about other aspects, among others: facade lighting acoustic system mechanical engineering marine engineering fire engineering So this Singaporean company In order to find a more suitable for this project construction contractor, lists several requirements, This also reflects Singapore company chooses the selective tendering. finally the client is a Singaporean company, the design team Alpha Design Tech is a Singapore based multi-disciplinary consultant with architects and engineers from Singapore, Thailand, Philippines, and Hong Kong. The contractor is a Malaysia contractor company. So we should use the standard form of contract for international construction project. And FIDIC is the most Professional than others. According to the case study FIDIC(yellow book, Conditions of Contract for Plant and Design-Build ) the most suitable for this project. Through the case study. I to procurement, tendering, standard form of contract have more deep understanding.

Saturday, October 12, 2019

Accounting :: Accounting Finances Money Essays

Accounting On September 28, 1998, Chairman of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission Arthur Levitt sounded the call to arms in the financial community. Levitt asked for, "immediate and coordinated action†¦ to assure credibility and transparency" of financial reporting. Levitt’s speech emphasized the importance of clear financial reporting to those gathered at New York University. Reporting which has bowed to the pressures and tricks of earnings management. Levitt specifically addresses five of the most popular tricks used by firms to smooth earnings. Secondly, Levitt outlines an eight part action plan to recover the integrity of financial reporting in the U.S. market place. What are the basic objectives of financial reporting? Generally accepted accounting principles provide information that identifies, measures, and communicates financial information about economic entities to reasonably knowledgeable users. Information that is a source of decision making for a wide array of users, most importantly, by investors and creditors. Investors and creditors who are responsible for effective allocation of capital in our economy. If financial reporting becomes obscure and indecipherable, society loses the benefits of effective capital allocation. Nothing illustrates the importance of transparent information better than the pre-1930’s era of anything goes accounting. An era that left a chasm of misinformation in the market. A chasm that was a contributing factor to the market collapse of 1929 and the years of economic depression. An entire society suffered the repercussions of misinformation. Families, and retirees depend on the credibility of financial reporting for their futures and livelihoods. Levitt describes financial reporting as, a bond between the company and the investor which if damaged can have disastrous, long-lasting consequences. Once again, the bond is being tested. Tested by a financial community fixated on consensus earnings estimates. Th e pressure to achieve consensus estimates has never been so intense. The market demands consistency and punishes those who come up short. Eric Benhamou, former CEO of 3COM Corporation, learned this hard lesson over a few short weeks in 1996. Benhamou and shareholders lost $7 billion in market value when 3COM failed to achieve expectations. The pressures are a tangled web of expectations, and conflicts of interest which Levitt describes as "almost self-perpetuating." With pressures mounting, the answer from U.S. managers has been earnings management with a mix of managed expectations. March of 1997 Fortune magazine reported that for an unprecedented sixteen consecutive quarters, more S&P 500 companies have beat the consensus earnings estimate than missed them.

Friday, October 11, 2019

Define the following types of abuse: Physical abuse Essay

Hitting, slapping, pushing or kicking, forcing people to eat or take medication, leaving people to sit in urine or faeces. 1.1b – Define the following types of abuse: Sexual abuse Unwanted advances, indecent exposure or harassment, rough washing or touching of the genital area, rape, being forced to watch or participate in sexual acts. 1.1c – Define the following types of abuse: Emotional/psychological abuse Intimidation, not being included, being ignored, threats, bullying, humiliating and blaming. These include discrimination that relates to age, race, gender, sexuality, culture, religion etc. 1.1d – Define the following types of abuse: Financial abuse Using an individual’s money without their permission or on items they have not requested, not giving correct change, taking store card points, taking the free item of â€Å"buy one get one free†. Not giving individuals enough money for food and essential items. 1.1e – Define the following types of abuse: Institutional abuse Poor care to people in group environments, for example, in a residential care home or in a day centre. Food choices not provided for individuals with different dietary needs or requirements. The individual’s room and clothing not being kept clean. 1.1f – Define the following types of abuse: Self neglect Individual not eating, washing, dressing properly. Not looking after themselves. 1.1g – Define the following types of abuse: Neglect by others Inadequate care or denial of an individual’s basic rights. 1.2 – . Identify the signs and/or symptoms associated with each type of abuse. These are the main types of abuse with some examples of signs and symptoms: Physical – Unexplained bruises, scratches, cuts, fractures, broken bones, broken teeth. Sexual –Bruises around genital area. Individual becomes particular about washing genital area or wanting to hide themselves. Emotional / psychological – Abnormal behaviour or moods. Talking a lot and very fast or being unusually quiet. Appearing afraid or worried. Being concerned that care and support may not continue Financial – Shortage of money, reluctance to pay for things, complaining about price increases, unusual interest or lack of interest in their personal finances. Institutional – Individuals not eating properly, not dressing properly, not participating, staying in their rooms, not getting required attention and support, complaints from residents or family members. Dirty rooms and communal areas. Health and safety being ignored. Self-neglect –Individual gaining or losing weight, looking dirty or dishevelled. Not washing and smelling. Not caring about themselves. Medical issues not being taken care of. Lack of confidence and self-esteem. Lack of social network, family and friends. Staying at home when they could get out and about. Neglect by others – Any of the above symptoms could be neglect or lead to neglect by others if left and not resolved. If you do not take action to report or resolve a situation where you believe abuse is taking or has taken place, you could be accused of neglect yourself. 1.3 – Describe factors that may contribute to an individual being more vulnerable to abuse. Some individuals are more vulnerable to harm or abuse than others. These are some of the reasons why: Individuals with a sensory impairment, for example, poor or no hearing or sight that might lead to communication difficulties. Individuals may lack the capacity to understand what is happening or that it is wrong. Lack of capacity could be for a number of different reasons and could be long term or short term. Individuals may be severely disabled. Individuals may be physically or emotionally weak and rely on others for care. Individuals may have suffered brain injury and may not be able to communicate. Individuals may be unconscious.   Individuals who do not have good support networks around them. Individuals being cared for at home who are reliant on another person for care and support. 204 Cert.2 – Know how to respond to suspected or alleged abuse. 2.1 – . Explain the actions to take if there are suspicions that an individual is being abused. The actions to take constitute the employee’s responsibilities in responding to allegations or suspicions of abuse. Always follow policies and procedures and report to the appropriate person(s), record the facts on appropriate paperwork, listen do not judge, stay calm and collected, and do not tamper with evidence. 2.2 – . Explain the actions to take if an individual alleges that they are being abused. The key things you MUST do if an individual discloses abuse to you: Assume the individual is telling the truth. Speak to them in a calm and sensitive way. Listen carefully and make sure you record what was said including date, time and place. Reassure the individual and tell them that you have to pass this information on. Always follow your policies and procedures. If the individual needs medical attention, call the emergency services or call a doctor as appropriate and inform your supervisor / manager immediately or another available senior person. If this is a criminal matter, for example, an alleged assault, rape or indecent exposure, you will need to call the police and if in any doubt consult your policies and procedures or contact your supervisor / manager immediately or another available senior person. 2.3 – Identify ways to ensure that evidence of abuse is preserved. In most circumstances you may not need to do anything except record the events that have given cause for concern. The best way to preserve evidence is to report the matter as quickly as possible. When needed you should: Make a written record of messages (e.g. answer-phone) to ensure they are not lost. Include the date and time and sign them Ensure written records (notes, letters, bank statements, medication records etc.) are kept in a safe place Don’t tidy up,  wash clothes, bedding or other items. Do not try to clear or tidy anything up Try not to touch anything unless you have to for the immediate wellbeing of the victim – if you have to try to make a record of what you have done If any sexual offence is suspected try to discourage the victim from washing, drinking, cleaning their teeth or going to the toilet until the police are present Preserve anything used to warm or comfort the victim e.g. a blanket Try to ensure that no one else enters the premises or alleged scene of crime until the police arrive If you can, try and ensure that the alleged perpetrator does not have any contact with the victim Record any physical signs or injuries using a body map (click here) or hand drawing. Write a description of any physical signs or injuries including size, shape, colour etc. Always remember to sign and date your notes and any other records you have made 204 Cert.3 – Understand the national and local context of safeguarding and protection from abuse. 3.1 – Identify national policies and local systems that relate to safeguarding and protection from abuse. The Care Quality Commission (CQC) regulates care homes and inspects every care home it registers. The CQC also registers home†care or domiciliary care services. Any registered care provider must, by law, have a complaints procedure. Services have rules about the staff they employ and the standards of care they provide. Everybody working with vulnerable adults and children has to complete a criminal record check by the Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS). The DBS helps employers to make safer recruitment decisions and prevent unsuitable people from working with vulnerable groups, including children. It replaces the Criminal Records Bureau (CRB) and Independent Safeguarding Authority (ISA). The Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards (DOLS), implemented April 2009, provide a legal protection for those vulnerable people who are, or may become, deprived of their liberty. Safeguards exist to provide a proper legal process and suitable protection in those circumstances where deprivation of liberty appears to be unavoidable, in a person’s own best interests. These safeguards can apply to people who have a mental disorder and lack capacity to consent to the arrangements made for their care or treatment, but for whom receiving care or treatment in circumstances that amount to a deprivation of liberty may be necessary to protect them from harm and appears to be in their best interests. 3.2 – . Explain the roles of different agencies in safeguarding and protecting individuals from abuse. Care Quality Commission (CQC): They have a role to play in safeguarding. If you have followed policies and procedures and reported a situation of abuse and you are not getting reasonable feedback about what action is being taken and you do not believe your complaint has been acted upon, or you suspect that your supervisor / manager is involved, and there is no-one else internally in your organisation you can talk to, you should contact CQC. Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS): The DBS helps employers to make safer recruitment decisions and prevent unsuitable people from working with vulnerable groups, including children. It replaces the Criminal Records Bureau (CRB) and Independent Safeguarding Authority (ISA). The DBS are responsible for: Processing requests for criminal records checks Deciding whether it is appropriate for a person to be placed on or removed from a barred list. Placing or removing people from the DBS children’s barred list and adults’ barred list for England, Wales and Northern Ireland 3.3 – Identify reports into serious failures to protect individuals from abuse. In cases where suspected abuse or neglect has resulted in death, or abuse or neglect is known or suspected to be a factor in the death (including death by suspected suicide), or for cases of serious and significant harm, a Serious Case Review (SCR) will be undertaken 3.4 –  Identify sources of information and advice about own role in safeguarding and protecting individuals from abuse. Sources of information and advice include: Care Home manager Care Plans Mandatory Training Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards (DOLS) Quality care Commission (CQC) Citizens advice Bureau Social Services Health Services Police Solicitor 204 Cert.4 – Understand ways to reduce the likelihood of abuse. 4.1a – Explain how the likelihood of abuse may be reduced by: working with person centred values This ensures a carer can: 1. Define care values and explain the principles of care 2. Explain the importance of rights, privacy, respect and dignity in ensuring choice and independence 3. Explain the principles of delivery for a person centred approach to care delivery 4. Know how to use a care plan to help in delivering person centred care 5. Explain the responsibilities of the organisation and care worker in care delivery 6. Define the role of the care worker in establishing and maintaining effective work relationships 7. Explain how to utilise support and supervision to ensure effective practice 8. Explore ways to develop the knowledge and skills required to promote continual development of the care worker 9. Promoting empowerment In using person centred values you can manage risks associated with: Person centred approaches Privacy Dignity History Preferences Wishes Needs Determining needs How needs develop Neglect Language preferences Communication Relationships Significant others Activities Nutrition Diet Eating problems Supporting that development Supporting the individual Choice Care values Care planning The care (service) setting Routine Possessions Syndromes Conditions Working safely Managing risk Dealing with emergencies Visitors Abuse Personal care Continence Medication Pain Dying, death Sleep Ageing Mental health Confusion Dementia Disabilities Mobility Promoting independence 4.1b – Explain how the likelihood of abuse may be reduced by: encouraging active participation Active participation is an approach that empowers individuals in the activities and relationships of everyday life leading to them living as independently as possible. The importance to the individual as an active partner in their own care or support is that it brings physical, psychological, relational and over all wellbeing benefits. The likelihood of abuse is decreased as the individual engages positively by actively participating is area of their life, such as in personal care, the scope for abuse by others is reduced. 4.1c – Explain how the likelihood of abuse may be reduced by: promoting choice and rights An important feature of empowerment is to offer people genuine choice when it comes to the services and supports on offer. This issue was highlighted by SCIE’s Service User Advisory Group on Safeguarding Adults. Without choice and the ability to exercise choice, the potential for abuse can become greater and the opportunity to escape it become harder. 4.2 – . Explain the importance of an accessible complaints procedure for reducing the likelihood of abuse. Every employer should have a procedure in place for raising any concerns or a complaint about abuse so that it is a simple process and encourages people to raise their concerns, however small they might appear to be. Complaints are very important as they often lead to an improvement in the service(s) provided. The complaints procedure can usually be found in the Safeguarding Adults policy and procedures. You will also need to be aware of the contact details for your Local Authority’s Safeguarding team. 204 Cert.5 – Know how to recognise and report unsafe practices. 5.1 – . Describe unsafe practices that may affect the well-being of individuals. Unsanitary conditions can spread infection as cross-contamination can occur and can affect the well-being of the individual and others. Improper hand washing can also pose a risk. Dirty kitchen surfaces and equipment can spread infections, not covering hair when cooking can pose a risk to individual as cannot reporting faulty equipment when working or not having cleaning materials can also be unsafe. In terms of health and safety not having risk assessments in place when a service user hurts themselves. Staff not checking when a service user is ill or unsteady on their feet. Staff not recording in care plans about a service user’s wellbeing and health and not monitoring them. Other unsafe practices which also amount to abuse can occur such as leaving a service user on the toilet too long, ignoring or not listening to them. Marks on body not taken seriously and complaints not taken seriously can put them at more danger, harm and risk of abuse. 5.2 – . Explain the actions to take if unsafe practices have been identified. If I identify unsafe practices then I must follow the whistle-blowing procedure and report to the appropriate person(s). I will report to my manager immediately or if it involves my manager then to another appropriate person(s). I will monitor all unsafe practices and make sure that I record and report in full all the evidence and then will talk to my manager because all unsafe practices are dangerous practices that could cause harm to the individual and others. For example, I talked to my manager last week about things being left on the stairs that may cause service users and others to fall over and hurt themselves. She has talked to the staff and now this has stopped.’ 5.3 – . Describe the action to take if suspected abuse or unsafe practices  have been reported but nothing has been done in response. If suspected abuse or unsafe practices have been reported but nothing has been done in response or if it has to do with my manager then I will report to the next level or manager. If it has to do with my manager then I will report to management, then to the social worker and safeguarding team and to the care quality commission and even to the police depending on the response I get.