Friday, May 31, 2019

Napster and Intellectual Property :: essays research papers fc

The Internet. It is a vast network of millions of using uprs, surfing and sharing billions of files, either day, every day. To individuals holding copyrights on intellectual property, this is a frightening proposition. After all, there is virtually no protection for these copyright holders from the misuse of their property. But, as Scott Sullivan, author for The FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin stated, as history has proven, technological and societal advances usually come with a price. The price society is paying for the Internet is a waiver of copyright protection by laws for their intellectual material.Napster is a good example of how these intellectual property rights are being compromised on the Internet. Napster is a simple, yet modern program created by a young college student named Shawn Fanning that enables users to anonymously swap and allocate audio files known as MP3s. During its infancy, Napster only had approximately 3,000 users. At that time, Napster could believab ly have been protected by the Audio Home Recording Act, which gives consumers the right to create and transfer digital music for noncommercial purposes (Gurly). Since that time, according to Chris Sherman, writer for the cartridge holder Online, Napster has become the most successful new Web technology ever by gaining more than 25 million registered users in just over a year or existence. At this point, however, the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) is quite unhappy with Napsters existence and its service. They believe the fact that millions of users can share songs with one another is a violation of copyright and constitutes outright theft of intellectual property (Sherman). The RIAA won a lawsuit under this argument against Napster in early 2001, so the program may go offline unless a compromise is reached. If the final ruling is made to retard Napsters service, doing so will not be difficult because it is a centralized service. However, file sharing, a mainstay o f Web activity thats considered almost a right by many an(prenominal) users, is too popular to stomp out in one fell swoop (Sherman). The technology under which Napster operates, File Transfer Protocol (FTP), has been in use since 1971. It would be as difficult to destroy this technology as it would music itself. Nonetheless, as with many other technologies that threaten to freely distribute copyrighted music, the RIAA is attempting to stop the file sharing movement in its tracks. Alex Torralbas, who has worked in the recording industry, states, in the 1980s they (the RIAA) effectively killed the digital audio tape, and in the 70s, albums and tapes bore skull-and-crossbones stickers warning buyers against tape the music on cassettes.

Thursday, May 30, 2019

Essay --

TrendsThe Trend of the population ontogenesis of Nigeria is and will be influenced by the Fertility and Birth commits, mortality or Death rates, and the Demographic Features.The main key to decelerating the rate of population growth would be a sharp decline in the richness rate, which is delineate as the average number of children a woman will bear in her life time. The National Population Commission stated that, the total fertility rate(TFR) in Nigeria is 5.7, this means that at current fertility levels, the average Nigerian woman who is at the beginning of her childbearing years will give acquit to 5.7 children by the end of her lifetime (2002). Figure 2/Nigerias growing Crude Birth Rate. Source World Development Indicators (WDI), October 2013.Figure 2 is displaying the growing giving birth rate of Nigeria and its percentage changes from the year 2001 to the year 2011.The natality rate in population ecology is the scientific term for birth rate. The birth r ate in the altogether (per 1000 people) in Nigeria was last measured in 2011 at 41.8. Fertility has been relatively high in Nigeria for several years. Feyisetan & Bankole (2007) enlightened that, the fertility hindering aftermath of contraception can be expected to increase as the levels of contraception use increases. Also the modern methods has increased since the early eighties. The impact of abortion on fertility has been documented. However, data on abortion are very scanty in Nigeria because the procedure is illegal. The other factors that affect the fertility course in Nigeria is education of women and female employment. The total fertility rate in Nigeria was 5.5 as of 2008 to a 5.5 in 2013. Nigeria population is increasing mostly due to the result of the first of all factor... ...efs and practices in Nigerias culture- such as early marriages, male children an polygamy- were the main reason for Nigerias rapid population growth. Nigeria is free from natural disasters like typhoons and is as well as oil-rich, meaning that there has been a lot of migration from people of other countries overpopulating Nigeria in the process. A trend in the population growth in Nigeria is the fertility rate of the average woman. The average woman gives birth to 5.7 children on average. The fertility rate plays a key role in population growth. The future of population growth could lead to more consumers than producers in the country, making it difficult more the economy to progress with so many mouths to feed. All in all, Nigeria has the potential to be a powerful economy, whether it can achieve that will depend on the maintenance of the population in the future.

Wednesday, May 29, 2019

Victims of Domestic Abuse :: Legal Issues, Politics, Social Issues

Currently, protective pastures are unaccompanied provided during regular court hours to victims of domestic abuse. However, the occurrence of violence has no time class it does not only take place or transpire on a nine to five time clock. Therefore, I propose thatlegislation should be pushed forward which allows District commissioners the authority to put temporaryrestraining orders on people accused of domesticviolence. It is important to note that victims may not receive extensive protection until the existing false impressions,held by some judicial and public safety officials,about the proper issuance and enforcement ofprotective orders are rejected. It is often consideredthat a protective order, being a civil order, shouldnot be handled or enforced by police. This type ofpower should not be distributed, uncontrollably, topolice officers. Since a court issues a protectiveorder, some mistakenly believe that the police shouldnot be able to arrest a person who violates theprote ctive order because the person is in contempt ofcourt not disobeying the law.The proposed legislation would destroy these misconceptions by changing the state constitution to allow District commissioners to not only grantprotective orders but also at night and on the weekends to safeguard victims of domestic abuse.Domestic violence is defined as threatened or actual abuse from someone in the victims immediate family or in his/her home or with whom she/he has a close relationship. fleeting restraining orders are issued by a court to restrict the conduct of a person while providing avictim with protection from the activities of an abusive person.

Straight from the CEO :: GCSE Business Marketing Coursework

Straight from the CEOA Review of the Literature(Dauphinais and Price, 1998) The minds of CEOs are, in aggregate, a tremendous center of power in society. Upon these minds - how they tick, how they prioritize, how they view the vectors of change depends on the transmission of know-how, technology, capital, and jobs. In addition, as globalization increases, the socioeconomic impact of their thoughts becomes all the greater (p. 15).This book provides a broad torment sample of the global CEO population. Insightful interviews have been collected, which contain lessons from both the brawny companies that have been forced to reinvent themselves, as well as from both(prenominal) of the brainy upstarts that needed to be rather unconventional to gain access to the global playing field. CEOs of top world corporations tell how they handle globalization, customer service, motivation, lead and other management issues. Gone is the day of the stern looking, tight lipped, antisocial dark suit who sits positioned in the large corner office secured by twelve foot walnut doors with gold handles. Todays workers demand involvement and interaction from upper management, no longer do the baby boomers see fit to have P and L figures discussed between upper management only. In order to be a successful CEO in todays society you must be fitted to demonstrate an understanding of the dynamics of value enhancement, to be aware of opportunities and to exploit them. The future and success of the company depends on how you view the company and how your employees view you. A CEOs understanding can have no limits, adapting to change is just a small step in dealing with the organizations future. When we discuss change we have to donjon in mind that, the largest of corporations feel the pressures of change on a global level, competing with our global trading partners such as Japan, China, and Europe. In order to be global a corporation must be able to compete on a worldwide basis and to do this managers must be able to hypothesise globally. Percy Barnevik of ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd comments Global managers are not born-they must be developed (p. 40). Developing managers in global thinkers has to start with understanding of the differences between U.S. and the internationalistic culture. For example, several months ago a potential client came to town and of course we wanted to leave an impressionable opinion by having lunch at the naked Japanese restaurant that everyone in town raved about.

Tuesday, May 28, 2019

In Support of Capital Punishment :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

In Support of Capital Punishment I believe that capital penalty is a only ififiable means of penalisation for the most heinous law-breakings. In addition, the means of execution should not matter if the basic ruler behind this form of justice roll in the hay be justified by the item crime. This is why my opinion is that any form of capital penalization in effect in the United States immediately is warranted and fair.Recent executions have drawn a great deal of publicity to the subject of whether goal by electrocution is cruel and unusual. Cases such as that of Pedro Medina, whose mask caught on fire during the procedure, and Jesse Tafero, whose cope caught on fire, provide examples of punishments gone wrong, and therefore punishments possibly being cruel and unusual. At this moment, all executions in Florida be on hold as the haughty Court has agreed to consider whether or not the electric chair is cruel and unusual. However, there ar just a few examples of botched cases, severe in Florida. Other evidence provided by those opposing the use of electrocution as a form of the death penalty is the fact that the 2,000 volts of electricity vitrine every muscle in the body to contract, something that should be very painful. However, even withstanding this argument, I believe that capital punishment in any form allowed by the U.S. Constitution at this moment is justified. I believe that if every psyche is given one life, another person does not have the right to communicate an extra one. A murderer has forfeited the quota and his life is not his responsibility or fate any longer. The punishment is then decided by the high society the murderer is a part of. The United States has adopted execution as a legal means of punishment and I agree with the method and the principle behind it. I believe that if lethal injections or electrocutions or any other forms of capital punishment were televised, or at least made more(prenominal) pu blic, it would serve as a real deterrent. In other countries where severe punishment is more public, the rate of crime is tremendously lower. Although I understand that legion(predicate) atrocious crimes are committed in moments of passion or inebriation or chemical highs, many are committed as calculated events.In Support of Capital Punishment Argumentative Persuasive EssaysIn Support of Capital Punishment I believe that capital punishment is a justifiable means of punishment for the most heinous crimes. In addition, the means of execution should not matter if the basic principle behind this form of justice can be justified by the specific crime. This is why my opinion is that any form of capital punishment in effect in the United States today is warranted and fair.Recent executions have drawn a great deal of publicity to the subject of whether death by electrocution is cruel and unusual. Cases such as that of Pedro Medina, whose mask caught on fire during the pr ocedure, and Jesse Tafero, whose head caught on fire, provide examples of punishments gone wrong, and therefore punishments possibly being cruel and unusual. At this moment, all executions in Florida are on hold as the Supreme Court has agreed to consider whether or not the electric chair is cruel and unusual. However, there are just a few examples of botched cases, concentrated in Florida. Other evidence provided by those opposing the use of electrocution as a form of the death penalty is the fact that the 2,000 volts of electricity cause every muscle in the body to contract, something that should be very painful. However, even withstanding this argument, I believe that capital punishment in any form allowed by the U.S. Constitution at this moment is justified. I believe that if every person is given one life, another person does not have the right to take an extra one. A murderer has forfeited the quota and his life is not his responsibility or fate any longer. The punishme nt is then decided by the society the murderer is a part of. The United States has adopted execution as a legal means of punishment and I agree with the method and the principle behind it. I believe that if lethal injections or electrocutions or any other forms of capital punishment were televised, or at least made more public, it would serve as a real deterrent. In other countries where severe punishment is more public, the rate of crime is tremendously lower. Although I understand that many atrocious crimes are committed in moments of passion or inebriation or chemical highs, many are committed as calculated events.

In Support of Capital Punishment :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

In Support of Capital Punishment I intrust that swell penalization is a justifiable means of penalization for the most heinous crimes. In addition, the means of execution should not matter if the basic principle behind this phase of justice can be warrant by the specific crime. This is why my opinion is that both form of capital punishment in effect in the United States today is warranted and fair.Recent executions cast off drawn a great deal of publicity to the subject of whether death by electrocution is cruel and unaccustomed. Cases such as that of Pedro Medina, whose mask caught on fire during the procedure, and Jesse Tafero, whose head caught on fire, provide examples of punishments g superstar wrong, and in that locationfore punishments possibly being cruel and unusual. At this moment, entirely executions in Florida are on hold fast as the Supreme Court has tick offd to consider whether or not the electric chair is cruel and unusual. However, there a re just a some examples of botched cases, concentrated in Florida. Other evidence provided by those opposing the use of electrocution as a form of the death penalty is the accompaniment that the 2,000 volts of electricity cause every muscle in the body to contract, something that should be very painful. However, even withstanding this argument, I believe that capital punishment in any form allowed by the U.S. Constitution at this moment is justified. I believe that if every person is given one life, another person does not defy the right to take an extra one. A murderer has forfeited the quota and his life is not his responsibility or set any longer. The punishment is then obdurate by the society the murderer is a part of. The United States has adopted execution as a statutory means of punishment and I agree with the method and the principle behind it. I believe that if lethal injections or electrocutions or any other forms of capital punishment were televised, or at le ast made more(prenominal) public, it would serve as a real deterrent. In other countries where severe punishment is more public, the rate of crime is tremendously lower. Although I understand that many atrocious crimes are committed in moments of passion or inebriation or chemic highs, many are committed as calculated events.In Support of Capital Punishment Argumentative Persuasive EssaysIn Support of Capital Punishment I believe that capital punishment is a justifiable means of punishment for the most heinous crimes. In addition, the means of execution should not matter if the basic principle behind this form of justice can be justified by the specific crime. This is why my opinion is that any form of capital punishment in effect in the United States today is warranted and fair.Recent executions have drawn a great deal of publicity to the subject of whether death by electrocution is cruel and unusual. Cases such as that of Pedro Medina, whose mask caught on fire during the procedure, and Jesse Tafero, whose head caught on fire, provide examples of punishments gone wrong, and therefore punishments possibly being cruel and unusual. At this moment, all executions in Florida are on hold as the Supreme Court has agreed to consider whether or not the electric chair is cruel and unusual. However, there are just a few examples of botched cases, concentrated in Florida. Other evidence provided by those opposing the use of electrocution as a form of the death penalty is the fact that the 2,000 volts of electricity cause every muscle in the body to contract, something that should be very painful. However, even withstanding this argument, I believe that capital punishment in any form allowed by the U.S. Constitution at this moment is justified. I believe that if every person is given one life, another person does not have the right to take an extra one. A murderer has forfeited the quota and his life is not his responsibility or fate any longer. The punishment is then decided by the society the murderer is a part of. The United States has adopted execution as a legal means of punishment and I agree with the method and the principle behind it. I believe that if lethal injections or electrocutions or any other forms of capital punishment were televised, or at least made more public, it would serve as a real deterrent. In other countries where severe punishment is more public, the rate of crime is tremendously lower. Although I understand that many atrocious crimes are committed in moments of passion or inebriation or chemical highs, many are committed as calculated events.

Monday, May 27, 2019

Marie and Meursault: Meant to Be or Want to Be Essay

It occurred to me that anyway angiotensin converting enzyme more Sunday was over, that Mamam was buried now, that I was going subscribe to work and that really, nonhing had changed. (1. 1. 15) These be some of the words that ran through Meursaults mind after his mothers death. He was very(prenominal) isolated from her so he felt as if nothing had changed. He was not the most outgoing person but the same cannot be express about his love interest, Marie. Throughout the novel, The Stranger, Meursault and Marie reveal just how many similarities and differences they share in the topics of perception, actions and mannerism.To begin with, emotion was most certainly one of the main factors of the book. feeling played such a big impact it potentially caused a death. Marie and Meursault very both similar and different in their ways of emotion. They were both very physically bonded to one another. They might not have always seen eye to eye, but when it came to contact, their emotions w ere hand in hand. Recently after Mamam lost her brio, Meursault made a quick connection with Marie. Together again, Marie and I swan out a ways, and we felt a closeness as we moved in unison and were happy. (1. 6. 7) fair(a) from a line of Meursaults thoughts, you could tell he had a serious emotional connection with Marie. For most of the novel, this couple seemed as they were formed together into one person, but on the other hand, their everyday feelings about common things were as different as black and white. Marie was a very energetic, romantic and passionate Mann 2 woman, while her other half rarely every showed any kind of emotion other than physically. Later on in, the Stranger, Marie asked Meursault if he loved her.By responding that it did not matter if he loved her, it put it right out in the open that he did not have a very wide emotion range. Meursault excessively never really showed any grief for the loss of his mother, especially while at her funeral. Soon one of th e women started crying. I thought shed never stop. I wish I didnt have to listen anymore. But I didnt dare say anything. (1. 1. 16) The way Meursault expresses himself surely reveals just how in that respect are many more differences than similarities when it haps to Marie and his emotions.In addition to emotion, Marie and Meursault have very similar and different actions. As obviously pointed out I the novel, the both fuck having feeling relations with each other. The both are very good at controlling their actions in the majority of the story. For example, even when Meursault is awaiting execution he does not panic or freak out with the exception of trying to be forced to pray. The two adults are not completely the same in their actions though, they are also very different. Meursault does not stay low key all of the time, sometimes he just has to let it out.While at the beach with Marie, and his friends, they come across the Arab that cause trouble for Raymond. Instead of just going with the flow, Meursault goes and takes charge of the situation. It may not have been his smartest action considering it took away someones life it was a very different way to stand up for something. Meursault clearly had a great deal more of bravery than his girlfriend, Marie. Mann 3 Lastly, the similarities and differences between Marie and Meursault were also influenced by mannerism. Meursault and Marie made very clear throughout their time together that they had a different way of doing things than we do now.In their relationship, they did not take things as slowly as we do now-a-days. Considering they were very close together just on the first day of seeing one another in a great deal of time, you can tell they are not the type of people to kiss and hide. Individually, the two people had extremely different ways of doing things. Meursault was not the type of person to hide in the back while everyone else fought the war. Meursault was the make it happen kind of man. When he took the matters of the Arab into his own hands, it completely spiraled out of control, but still, he took a step forward, not back.Very differently from her mate, Marie was the gal that would wait for someone else to take the first step. Either or, Meursault and Marie had some similarities alongside their differences in mannerism. In conclusion, Marie and Meursault showed many similarities and differences in mannerism, action and emotion. This statement was easily expressed by Meursaults mind thinking, It occurs to me that anyway, one more Sunday, was over, Mamam was buried now, that I was going back to work, and that nothing had really changed.

Sunday, May 26, 2019

Plato’s Republic Essay

Platos Republic is a allow in which Socrates, as a character, explores the nature of poetry. Although Socrates all supports everyones obligation to explore miscellaneous notions, (leading to his cosmos charged with corrupting the youth,) the idea that poetry can be pernicious, as it may influence the minds of the youth is also proposed. This means that certain fictional acquireings, which would install themselves into the minds of their believers as delusions were likely to result from the reading of certain fantastic poems.In Cervantes tire Quixote, access to unlimited writings, however, corrupted the mind of the novels protagonist, who became quite crazy, as his mind became filled with ideas of the business of ennobles, which occurred as he read books that, according to other characters of the book, should have been banned. Platos Socrates was often engaged in the business of encouraging people to challenge accepted notions, and explore other ones. that poetry, when it re lates fictional stories, would have had the potential to negatively influence the malleable minds of a younger audience.Plato was concerned with the ability of a text to convince in the stage of its fictionality, Frederick de Armas wrote in Cascardis novel, The Cambridge Companion to Cervantes. And Platos concern was not without merit, when applied to the story of the man from La Mancha, who is driven insane by the fictional stories that he enjoyed. Unfortunately for outwear Quixada of La Mancha, fantastic books and stories of chivalry and knight-errantry were permitted in Spain, and he got his hands on a great many of these stories.Miguel de Cervantes Don Quixote is the story of a man, who, accompanied by his loyal squire, participate in activities based on the delusions inspired by the books that he read. Don Quixote was at first a normal, dependable man, but after reading a great many books and stories about the chivalrous and challenging adventures of knights, he became of th e impression that he was indeed a knight himself, and that the stories he had read were really incorporated into the whole world.He would produce such beliefs, based on the readings that he had scoured, that simple objects and people of the world were actually characters present in the adventures of the greatest knight who ever was, as he often thought of himself. Every belief that he had throughout the body of the book was tied to the stories of the chivalrous activities of knights that he had read.And these stories prompted him to dress in Medieval military attire (such as chain mail, accompanied by a helmet with a visor, a lance, and a shield), and partake in the activities of the extinct knights that he had read about. The books, which captivated his mind, led Don Quixote de La Mancha to believe notions as preposterous as windmills being giants, and every woman around being damsels in distress. His faithful squire, Sancho Panza was captivated by the stories that his pass over told him of knight-errantry, and it helped to corrupt, or make him delusional as well.The books, stories, and poetry on the subject of knight errantry were completely to blame for the downfall of Don Quixotes mind, which in turn, dragged down that of Sancho Panzas. But there were character from Quixotes hometown, such as his niece, housekeeper, and a man of the church who recognized that it was the fictional adventure books that caused a once respected man to go insane. His niece and housekeeper had noticed that the books were corrupting him from the start.Senor Licentiate Pero Perez, that was the curates name, approximately misfortune must certainly have happened to my master for six days, both he and his horse, together with the target, lance, and armour, have been missing as I am a sinner, it is just come into my head, and it is certainly as true as that everyone is born to die, those hellish books of knight-errantry, which he used to read with so much pleasure, have glowering his brain for, now I remember to have heard him say to himself more than once, that he longed to be a knight-errant, and stroll about in sideline of adventures.May Satan and Barrabas lay hold of such legends, which have perverted one of the finest minds in all La Mancha, the housekeeper of the illustrious knight, Don Quixote remarked after her master returned from his very first enterprise in the field of knight-errantry (Cervantes, Part 1, Chapter V). It is very straightforward, from the words of his housekeeper, that Don Quixotes intense readings about the stories of knights and chivalry were very baneful to his mind.Indulging in these stories over, and over, he went mad, and believed himself a universal character of the topics on which he read. Plato may have held that expression of fictional ideas had the ability to be completely detrimental to the youthful minds that absorbed various notions, and that is why (in Don Quixote) the man of the church, the barber, and Don Quixote s niece and housekeeper set to burn (except for a few books, which they themselves prized) all of Don Quixotes library, which was filled with books on the subject of knight-errantry.In the writings of Plato, poetry had the unfortunate ability to do to young, easily-influenced people what the books of knight-errantry did to Don Quixote. This was the ability to propose delusions that would survive alongside actual beliefs which were based on true phenomena. Poets had the ability to harm the minds of the youth who indulged in their poems, just as did the writers of the chivalrous stories in Don Quixote.If it had not been for the fictional stories that Don Quixote read over and over, he would likely have not held that he himself was a character of the genre, which, at the time, was represented only in fiction. The various authors narrations on the fictional activities of knights were indeed what captivated the mind of Don Quixote, and caused him to go insane. Early in his adventures, h is squire, Sancho Panza was bewildered by some of the delusional and fictional right(a)ties that Don Quixote extended to various environmental phenomena.His readings had him believe that a row of windmills were giants that served to hinder his own progress. Fly not, ye base and cowardly miscreants, for, he is but a hotshot knight who attacks you, Don Quixote yelled at the windmills, which were, due to his mental captivation by the activities of knight-errantry, on which he had read, not windmills, but giants. This was his final warning to the giants forrader he charged, and rammed his lance into the propeller of a mill, shattering it, and falling to the ground, along with his trusty steed, Rocinante (Cervantes, Part I Chapter VIII).Platos theory, expressed in The Republic, about the detrimental and negatively influential properties of poetry are undermined in Spain at the time of the story of the knight from La Mancha. The people who collected in Don Quixotes house, following hi s very first adventure (which left him immobilized, and without a weapon after he attacked a group of merchants who he perceived to be evil) were of the opinion that Plato proposes in The Republic, which is that fictional stories can be dangerous when imposed upon malleable minds, like those of the youth (or those of unstable characters, such as the prime one seen in Cervantes work).Although it is quite likely that the novel was composed because of its entertaining qualities, Cervantes certainly wanted to parallel the story of Don Quixote to the warnings of Plato in his views on poetry. In this work, Plato argues that poetry inspires hateful emotions in society and should be censored from adults and especially children for fear of lasting detrimental consequences, Schatzie Speaks writes in her article, entitled Aristotle vs. Plato on the Dangers of Poetry.Plato believes that since children have not yet acquired proper formation of character and have intercourseledge of the world a round them, every new experience makes a profound impact upon them. Children have no ability to know what emotions should be tempered and which should be expressed, and certain expressed emotions can have lasting consequences later in life. Plato finds it necessary to limit the types of poetry, works which he deems develop profound emotions in individuals, to protect children and future society. Poetry, unfortunately for the knight in Cervantes novel, and many of those whom he encountered, was not limited, but embraced by the knight himself, and it had the very personnel that Plato warned that it might. He states that scary stories, Speaks continues, such as gods coming to the world in disguise and harming people, must be avoided to eliminate timidity, as such tales will create profound fear. Furthermore, children must not be told tales detailing the horrors of death for they will then grow up to fear death and lack courage. Platos reassessment of poetry is justified in Cervante s story of Don Quixote, who found himself fully subjected to the negative aspects of poetry (such as its ability to conjure up thoughts and delusions that may not actually exist). It was because fictional tails of such fantastic adventures of knights were allowed in Spain that Don Quixote was able to get his hands on these books, and fall under their spell. They inspired broad delusions in him, just as Plato said such writings could if they were not censored. Works CitedDe Cervantes, Miguel. Translation by Rutherford, John. Don Quixote de la Mancha. Penguin Books, New York, 2003 De Armas, Frederick A. Cervantes and the Italian Renaissance. In Cascardi, Anthony J. The Cambridge Companion to Cervantes. Cambridge University Press, 2002. Plato. Edition by Cooper, John M. The Republic. In Plato, Complete Works. Hackett Publishing, Indiana, 1997. Speaks, Schatzie. Aristotle vs. Plato on the Dangers of Poetry. Viewed 23, July, 2009. http//hubpages. com/hub/The-Emotions-Surrouding-PoetryAr istotle-vs-Plato

Saturday, May 25, 2019

An Epic Story: Sundiata Essay

What makes a exclusivelyegory truly epic? Is it the qualities of the characters within the story? Is it the story itself? Is it the smell out of destiny or Fate that the story creates for the reader? Is it the way said story is written? Whether a story requires only one or every(prenominal) of these characteristics, the book Sundiata and Epic of Old Mali is a truly epic tale. The story tells the life of a great king in Mali named Maghan Sundiata. Born to an unfortunate aspect mother, he is slow and weak at the beginning of life. Sundiata doesnt start walking until he is seven years old but once he stands he stands tall. He is a natural leader and has all the qualities of a paragon protagonist. He is smart, kind, merciful, and fair as well as strong, willful, powerful and skilled. Choosing shipping from his home city, and rightful throne, in modulate to protect his sisters he finds himself in a position of leadership in another city. After he leaves Mali it is invaded by and roughshod king showing all the characteristics of and epic antagonist.King Soumaoro Kante is narcissistic, cruel, petty, sadistic and ruthless as well as smart, powerful and most of all cowardly. They are joined in battle twice both times the victory is Sudiatas and both times Soumaoro Kante runs away. Soumaoros city is sacked and he is left-hand(a) powerless while Sundiata not only wins his kingdom back but also gains many allies and friends because of his truly good personality. If a story is make epic by its characters than surely the perfect paragon of Sundiata and the extreme evil of Soumaoro are epic enough to fulfill and epic requirement. If one judges an epic by the story being told than Sundiata an Epic Tale of Old Mali is also a worthy candidate for an epic tale. Starting from the weakest in the city and fit the strongest in the Kingdom, Sundiatas life in itself is epic enough. The story is told through the point of view of a griot named Mamadou Kouyate. A griot is many things in the society of Mali and passim much of Africa. He is an Historian, an advisor, a mediator, an entertainer but most of all he is the culture of an entire society of people.Understanding the culture of the society in which this story comes, one would, without question, consider the griot Mamadou Kouyate on par with the likes of Homer and the author(s) of Beowulf. This is possibly partially because of his perspective but definitely because of his beautiful use ofthe marvelous in order to beautify the story and make it personal to the reader or listener. The way the story is told enraptures an audience like any true epic should. Within all great epics there is an obvious theme of someones destiny. Sundiata is given a destiny at a young age, as predicted by a seer before his birth, and fulfills it with purity of heart.He faces many trials and tribulations along the way but never once does he give into darkness. Never once does he give up and decide hes done enough. Not until all his people are freed, all debts are paid, and his kingdom is returned does the story end. This is a clear and perfect example of the sense of fate one requires of our epic heroes. Of all the traits of Sundiata the characteristic that most earns it its epic status is the battle of good versus evil and the triumph of good. Not to be misunderstood with a novel tale of mediocre light and dark, the battle in this story speaks to the deepest depths of darkness and to the purest picture of paragon.

Friday, May 24, 2019

Animal Farm Lies=Failure

To have a functional cabaret in that respect must be a trust among the mountain and the governing body. A functional society is defined by how they treat their people, if they lie their people provide not respect them. Due to the fact that the government in 1984 and Animal prove lie to their citizens, their societies are a failure. In 1984 the government says that its citizens are salve to do what they want but that is a lie. This is because the people actually live in constant fear of telling the facts due to the fatal consequences that would follow.OBrien says, Freedom is the freedom to say two plus two makes four, if that is minded(p) all else follows(69 Bk1, ch. 7). The citizens in 1984 are in constant fear of saying the wrong thing and getting shot which is not the definition of a free though society. A free thought is where people can think what they want without the fear of getting in trouble. As it shows in 1984 when someone has a thought they have to keep it in or t hey will be imprisoned. This is the definition of a non-successful society.If the government can lie to its people nothing will ever change and nothing will have the chance to get any better. If someone is naive of the fact that there was a better m in history before the dictatorship they see the present as better thus before. Due to the falsifying of documents of history in 1984 it seems as though the party is the best to all of the people and that they are getting better, when in all actuality that is not the case. Winston says, If the party could thrust its hand into the past and say this or that event, it never happened-that, surely was more terrifying then death(34 Bk1, ch. 3).If the government is saying that something did or did not happen they are altering history, which is lying to its people. Winston states, postal code exists except an endless present in which the party is always right(155 Bk. 2, ch. 5). Due to the lies about the past the people think that their society is good because they preceptort know the actual situation before Big Brother. Thus creating a false reality of what happened in the past. This shows that they have lied to their citizens and thus there society was a failure. In Animal Farm it was portrayed that all animals were created impact, when is actuality that is not true.Towards the beginning of the book before the takeover all the animals were equal in theory. As soon as the takeover took place, Napoleon and the rest of the pigs established themselves as the leaders thus making them higher up in the society. gum benjamin reads what was on the wall, All animals are created equal, but some animals are more equal than others(143 ch. 10). This is different from the original idea in that every animal was equal no matter what because of the fact that they didnt like the humans and didnt want to be like them.This is where they lied in regards to the changing of the slogan and gave their society the mark of death. Just like the o ther instances the lack of capability of the government not to lie to its people is very slim. This fact leads to the failure of the society as a whole. In 1984 and Animal Farm the government lied to their people which eventually led to their societies failure. If an individual does not have the ability to say something that is factual without the fear of being shot that is a functional society.It is not when the person is told what to think, how to think it, and when to think it. Also if the government lies to its people about its past then there is no way for anyone to try to make a better future. This leads to the failure of the society as a whole. Finally when the government from Animal Farm lied about the equality of its people they doomed there societies identity forever. Everyone wants to be equal and if you take that away then what are u left over(p) with. Fact is if the government lies to their people such as in Animal Farm and 1984 their society is doomed to failure.

Thursday, May 23, 2019

Amazon.com Site

Recently, Amazon. com has enjoyed amazing sales and market share growth. However, Amazon. com is still running under an operating loss. This report will date the historical strengths and weaknesses of Amazon. com, as well as the current opportunities and threats. The current strategic plan includes expanding into either online auctions or B2B exchanges. It is believed that Amazon. coms m all partnerships, as well as its technical expertise with online web plat designs, would make it an instant leader in online auctions and B2B exchanges. After examining these metrics, I have come to the conclusion that Amazon.com should focus on 1. change magnitude its international market share, possibly into the Middle East and China. 2. Increasing market share in current markets in North America and Europe. 3. Delay door into online auctions and B2B exchanges until Amazon. com order of battles a consistent dinero and those profits can sustain the prominent expense of setting up a new busines s model. Evaluation of menstruation Objectives and Current Strategy Amazon. com has always had an objective to sacrifice short-term profits for building long-term growth, market share, and change magnitude shareholder value.Now, Amazon. com is concerned with developing an in force(p) differentiating enterprise-wide strategy, all the while maintaining the desire for expansion. This includes the possibility of moving into online auctions, competing with eBay, and B2B exchanges, optimizing the partnerships Amazon. com already has. Current Strengths and Weaknesses Strengths Amazon. com has shown record sales and has reduced its operating loss dramatically and consistently additiond market share and expanded product offerings. Amazon.com has a reputation for being one of the first businesses online and embracing the idea of taking orders through a website first-mover advantage. Amazon. com has no physical stores. This creates low overhead which means a bigger profit margin on inc reased sales. Amazon. com collects payments immediately and floats vendor payments 30-40 days, which generates a large(p) functional capital. Amazon. com has contracts and alliances with many suppliers. Amazon. com has a large and loyal guest base. Amazon. com has an online shopping platform that is the envy of the retail shopping world. Amazon.com has partnerships with otherwise retail companies to cross-sell products. Weaknesses Investment in other online companies resulted in a loss of close to $135 million. With the current economy, analogous losses could be felt again. Amazon. com is still maintaining an operating loss. Shareholder pressure to show a profit is great. Analysis of Current Environmental Threats and Opportunities Threats Increased competition. Overall poor economic environment. Possible repeal of the sales tax exemption. Opportunities Leverage the large customer base in expansion into new market segments. Use experience of expansion into foreign ma rkets to further expansion into the Middle East and China, with large computer-savvy populations. Use well-known and easy-to-use platform to expand base of suppliers that use Amazon. coms website offerings for their own online presence. Stakeholder Analysis Government agencies are interested in Amazon. com because of its wide reach. being an international organization and crossing state lines within the United States, Amazon. coms increase in sales could yield high profits to the countries and states in the form of taxes and permits.International government would also be concerned with an American presence and the affect that has on the people. Labor unions do not have much of a support in what happens to Amazon. com because it has very few employees and all of the positions are traditionally not union jobs. Competing organizations are definitely interested in Amazon. coms performance. Amazon. com has developed so many partnerships that it is difficult to increase market share and almost impossible to enter the market. If they were to expand into online auctions or B2B exchanges, Amazon.coms reach may drastically neglect into the market share of its competitors. Employees would be affected by Amazon. coms performance because of stock options and the viability of the company. Suppliers would be concerned with Amazon. com offering competitive products at a pooh-pooh price, similar to Amazon. coms concern when they set up zStores. They would also be concerned with Amazon. com offering products that are competitive on the same site. Customers would benefit from an increase in availability of the products they desire on a platform that is well-known, safe, easy, and custom-tailored to meet their needs. Civic groups may be more(prenominal) interested in the Amazon. com as more products will be more available to the population. Public interest groups may take a greater interest in Amazon. com in a similar manner to the civic groups. They would also be in terested in the working conditions of Amazon. coms partners. Stockholders will most definitely be affected by any change in Amazon. com. Being so close to showing a profit rather than an operating loss, shareholders are interested in increasing sales, decrease cost, and increasing market share. Identifying Current Problems The first alternative (online auction) encourages email marketing (spam) and television marketing (which has proven not to be cost effective in the past). Setting up a separate online auction takes the risk of diluting the image of the overall organization. Amazon. com is known for quality, and auctions are known for deep discount shopping. It also goes against the bearing of creating one giant organization all under one brand. Competing with eBay on pricing structures sets up a price war, which minimizes the draw of Amazon. coms quality and customer service. Setting up a B2B exchange could cause a conflict of interest for Amazon.com between existing partners and potential ones, stifling the availability of suppliers available in the exchange. Creating a B2B exchange that is not specialized waters down some of the impact. Coupled with competition from other exchanges, it could compromise Amazon. coms existing partnerships. Alternative Strategies nidus on maintaining market share in existing markets. Not expanding into other markets until Amazon. com is showing a healthy profit and is able to finance the expansion with profits. lose ones temper into other countries, developing even more of a presence, perhaps in the Middle East and China. RecommendationsMy recommendation would be for Amazon. com to focus its finances and energy on increasing its existing market share. Expansion has worked for Amazon. com all along, but I am concerned that it is becoming too large of a giant, potentially paste too thin. If Amazon. com focused its efforts on expanding into other markets, like the Middle East and China, doing what it does best, and i ncreasing market share in existing markets, it could show a profit for a while. Then, after the auction industry has settled down, Amazon. com could present itself as a fresh new alternative to the tired, worn-out ways of the likes of eBay and Covisint.

Wednesday, May 22, 2019

Exam Review Guide

Exam 3 Review Guide This guide lists the areas that you should concentrate on when reviewing for Exam 3. To adequately prepare for the test, you should frontmost read the General Tso, Meet Steven Covey article to get comfortable with it. Then, as you review the items listed below, think in terms of how the theories discussed in class tinge to the particular scenario described in the article. The exam will consist of multiple essay questions. Please dont forget to bring a simulate of the article with you, so that you will be able to have it available for your reference.You may highlight the article but you cannot write anything on your copy. Be on the watch to identify issues, sources of the issues, and formulate/justify your recommendations. Should you have any questions in the course of your preparation, please do not hesitate to e-mail or call me. sizable luck Language, Culture, and Communication the context of language-based communication low-context cultures and explicit c ommunication high-context cultures favor a more diffuse communication style communication on the net ethnocentrism stereotypesIntercultural Marketing Communications I clarifying the brand identity achieving visibility through identity-building brand exposure involving the consumer in brand-building experiences Intercultural Marketing Communications II benefit essentials the five lessons pertaining to services Great Leaps, Persistence, and Innovation The Evolving Story of Hyundai Hyundais three-fold strategy the three pillars of Hyundais philosophy The Art and Science of Managing the New Global breadbasket Napoleons words of wisdom being part of the solution vs. eing part of the problem the differences between managing a privately held business and managing a in public held business the leadership model of the Carlson Industries (i. e. , the various components of the circle) Marketing the Arts The Secret Weapon the importance of mission for not-for-profit organizat ions the important issue of economic nature and the puzzle out of innovation on achieving productivity gains the third challenge in running arts organizations the mantra of running a successful arts organization the two types of merchandising according to Michael Kaiser the two audiences that art organizations cater to

Tuesday, May 21, 2019

Mexican Americans in American Popular Culture Essay

It is a known fact that modern entertainment media created certain images and stereotypes of Latin, Asian and other ethnic minorities quick in our country. American cinema movies, TV series or even PC games mostly picture the members of Latin and Mexican cultures as aggressive enured mustached guys, who smoke and fight a lot, and who are everlastingly involved in drug distribution or some criminal activities. This tendency had actually negative effects on our minds, and many of our citizens are convinced that there are no educated, good-mannered and decent people in Mexican communities.I was always wondering why it happens this way, and studying some historic material, including the articles from the site Digital History, helped me to find some answers on this question. This tendency proved to have a huge history and it was formed during the second and the third decades of the twentieth century, when Hollywood producers started expressing their concern and fears caused by the af flux of talented Mexican actors, including Lupe Velez or Dolores Del Rio, their success and public recognition in the US.That is why many performers of Latin origin were given the roles of bandits, thieves and other not attractive characters. After the World War II a number of movies were produced, in which the directors tried to restore the image of Mexican Americans, but after the 1960s, when the problems of illegal immigration from the South became topical, caricaturizing the Mexicans continued. During the last decades, negative characters of Hispanic origin have been coming into court in many popular cinema movies or TV series, starting from Chico and the Man and ending with 24.Also, a great contribution to reinforcing the distorted images of the Mexicans was made by a series of popular video games Grand Theft Auto (GTA). In my opinion, this situation is really dejecting, and I am convinced that recent attempts of Mexican artists to demonstrate their true cultural identity and u nique distinctive heritage must be supported in our society, and their ethnic voices must be heard.

Monday, May 20, 2019

Cement Lifecycle Review

animation wheel around Review of cementumumumumum and Concrete Manufacturing Table of confine Introduction3 Concrete Overview3 Life Cycle Stages4 Portland cementum4 lovesome Material Extraction5 annihilating Process5 Kiln Processing6 clean out(p) Cooling and Storage7 Clinker Grinding7 box and Shipping7 Concrete Processing8 recycle and Landfill8 environmental Considerations Throughout Life Stages9 Inputs Consumption9 Outputs Waste10 Air quality and contaminant11 Land Quality and Biodiversity12 natural weft Suggestions in Minimizing environmental Impact13Solutions for Minimising Ecological Footprint13 Solutions for Improving Air Quality13 Solutions for Minimising Land Degradation14 References15 Introduction A animation-cycle assessment (LCA), as described by the US Environmental Protection confidence, is a technique to assess environmental involves associated with all(a) the confronts of a products life from cradle-to-grave(USPA 2010). Therefore, an assessment of a pr oducts life cycle closureeavors to analyze its humankind from vulgar material extraction, to manufacturing, through to disposal.This report will not provide adequate data for the solve of undertaking an LCA, however, it is aimed at thinking about the life cycle, and collecting in manikination from past LCA studies to undertake a report on concrete production, particularly cogitateing on the life-cycle of cement, a critical comp mavinnt of concrete. Therefore, the avocation life cycle thinking review will endeavor to utilize previous LCA studies in holy order gain an insight about the major environmental impacts throughout each lifestage, chiefly centering on cement manufacturing.Correspondingly, it will similarly discuss alternative strategies of delivering cement and concrete as a create material with fewer environmental impacts. Concrete Overview Concrete is a multifaceted construction material, which is assembled master(prenominal)ly from cement, water supply and aggr egate (Reding et al 1977). Concrete is one of the most permanent building materials, which allows it to exhibit many functions, including precast elements, underwater construction, infrastructure formation and residential housing.In view of the fact that the life cycle stages and environmental impacts discord between manufacturing for each function concrete withholds, this report will focus on concretes function as a building material for residential housing and apartments (Anonymous 2012). Concrete is labeled one of the most durable building materials whence concrete structures withhold an elongated service life (Reding et al 1977. As a result of this, concrete is the most extensively used construction material in the world and has supportd momentously to the built environment throughout history. Life Cycle StagesIn a straightforward description, as mentioned above, concrete consists of troika basic components, including cement, aggregates and water. Although there argon vari ous cement blends used for different purposes, this lifecycle review will focus particularly on Portland cement manufacturing, which is frequently utilised for in pass aroundrial purposes (Anonymous 2012). In observing a life cycle of concrete manufacturing, the production of cement generally takes place separately, which is then transported to the selected building berth, where water and aggregates argon added to bind all components into one homogenous material concrete (Anonymous 2012).Although there argon obviously procedures in obtaining the water and aggregate for concrete production, the life-cycle discussed in this report will focus primarily on Portland cementum production (Reding et al 1977). Portland cement The major raw materials extracted for cement production include limestone, sand, shale and clay. These feedstock ingredients provide atomic number 20 carbonate, alumina, silica and ferric oxide, which ar critical elements of cement (Anonymous 2012). Figure 1 Propor tion of cement components (CCAA 2010) Raw Material ExtractionThe initial stage of Portland cement production is the extraction of the raw materials by either quarry or mining (Anonymous 2012). This withholds an adverse risk to land flavour, potentially effecting fauna and flora within well-nigh proximity. Quarrying and mining argon undertaken by operations such as drilling, blasting, excavating, handling, loading, hauling, and crushing (Reding et al 1977). The split material, which fundament reach meters in length, is then transported via dump trucks to the cement plant, which is generally located nearby (Anonymous 2012). Crushing ProcessWhen transferred to the plant, the rock material is fed through a primary crusher, which breaks it flock into smaller pieces up to half dozen inches in size (Anonymous 2012). Subsequently, the rock is then transported via a conveyor to the secondary crushing stage, which accordingly, crushes the rock overmatch to sizes of three inches or les s. Following these essential crushing processes, all raw material undergoes a mixture and corrasion process, where additional silica and iron whitethorn be added (Anonymous 2012). Within this stage, particulate matter emissions ar deep emitted into the atmosphere.The mixing process set up either be wet or juiceless, depending on the plant, however, the Cement exertion Federation states in their most recent Environmental Report that wet process plants in Australia instantly only account for less then 15% of total production, as wet processes have momentous water consumption (CIF 2010). In the instance of a wet mixing and grinding process, large impact dryers polish offly dry out the materials whilst grinding is undertaken, however if a wet process is embarked on, water is added during the grinding process which turns the mix into the form of a slurry (Anonymous 2012).Kiln Processing This process involves the slurry or the finely ground dry material to be fed into a high-temp erature, cylindrical rotary kiln, heated to about 2700 degrees F (Anonymous 2012). Kilns are mounted with the axis slightly inclined from the horizontal and can reach up to 180m long, with a sixer meter diameter, thus it can take up to two hours for the material to travel through. The upper end of the kiln provides the entrance for the material, whereas the lower end comprises a roaring blast of flame, fueled by either coal or natural gas.During this process, any water contained in a slurry mix is lost through vapour (Reding et al 1977). Ultimately, as the mixture travels through the kiln, it transforms both(prenominal) physically and chemically into grey pebble-like substances called clean out (Anonymous 2012). During kiln processing, particulate and GHG emissions are dethawd. This stage in addition consumes the most nothing, as fossil fuels are incinerated to provide extreme heat. Clinker Cooling and StorageThe clear out is expelled from the lower end of the kiln and is t hen transported onto a conveyer through a engine cooling system system where large fans and water are utilized to cool the temperature (Anonymous 2012). The United Kingdom Environmental Agency state in their Environmental Performance Evaluation, that the vast majority of cement plants around the world direct transfer the heated send out from the coolers back off towards the kiln as a means of saving fuel (UKEA 2010).Once the clear out is cooled, it is depo come outd into a storage area where it awaits until it is required for its closing stage of grinding. Clinker Grinding The clinker is finally transported via a conveyor to its final crushing stage and is ground into a fine powder. This is carried out by steering the product through rotating tube mills with rolling crushers, which grind the cement into a fine powder. During this stage, other materials conveying analogous characteristics are added.Gypsum is also combined with the mix, as it assists in ordinance the setting ti me of the final concrete product (Anonymous 2012). The continuous rolling assists in distributing the materials and gypsum throughout the cement evenly, and also separates the cement particles according to size (Reding et al 1977) . The material that has not been ground to the adequate size is deflected through the system again, however the final product is guided to the final storage silo (Anonymous 2012). Packaging and ShippingThe final product is either automatonlikely or hydraulically hauled out from its storage silo and is either packaged in paper sacks or supplied in bulk where it is then transported via truck, rail car or ship to the location of exercising (Anonymous 2012). Transportation must still be taken into consideration in contributing to the manufacturing beam emissions. Concrete Processing Once transported to the building location, the addition of water to the cementitious material forms a thick cement paste, through the method of hydration (Anonymous 2012).Both fi ne and course aggregates consisting of natural gravel, sand and soft stone are also commonly added to the cement paste, to create bulk and a strong, high resistant concrete (CCAA 2010). Aggregates are granular materials such as sand, gravel or crushed stone, which are usually dredged from a river, lake, face or seabed (CCAA 2010). Prior to combining the aggregate in the cement, it undergoes a washing process to necessitate any unwanted silt, disperse, clay or organic matter that could potentially interfere with the bonding reception with the cement (Cement effort Australia 2003).Similarly to the cement manufacture process, the aggregate is also sorted into different granular sizes (Anonymous 2012). This is undertaken by passing the material through a screen containing different size openings. Once arranged into adequate sizing, the aggregate is transported to the building site where it congregates with the cement (CCAA 2010). Thorough combining of cement, water and aggregate is crucial for the ruse of high quality, uniform concrete, therefore equipment and methods such as cement trucks and on site mixers are utilized (CCAA 2010).Once all the constituents are thoroughly combined, it is molded or positioned as anticipated and then left to harden. Recycling and Landfill When a concrete building structure reaches the end of its life, either recycling or landfill is an excerption (CCAA 2010). The process of devastation of a concrete structure involves pulling it down either mechanically or manually through the utilization of excavators or bulldozers (subgenus Chen et al 2010). Larger buildings however, may require more aright equipment.Following, the shattered concrete fragments are either transported by trucks to landfills for disposal or collected from the annihilation site and transported to a crushing facility, where it is fed through a crushing machine to be broken down and used for aggregate of new concrete (Cement Australia 2003). In conjunction wi th quarries, landfills also hold prodigious environmental consequences, as it can destroy or alter species home ground. Environmental Considerations Throughout Life Stages Inputs ConsumptionThe Cement In carcassry Federation (CIF) states in their 2003 environmental report, that the cement manufacturing process is extremely energy and resource intensive, therefore, it withholds a significant environmental footprint (CIF 2003). As displayed in the life-cycle diagram (figure 2), raw materials, energy and in some instances water, are the chief inputs associated with the manufacturing process, therefore, their consumption levels are predominantly to blame for the industries heightened environmental footprint (Anonymous 2012).Cement Australia (2010) states that on average, water utilization of a modern dry cement plant is between one coke to two hundred litres per tonne of clinker produced (Cement Australia 2010). This water consumption is primarily used for cooling heavy equipment and exhaust gas. Although this appears kinda high, Chen et al (2010) mentions that it is a dramatic improvement from earlier, yet still subsisting wet process cement plants (Chen et al 2010). The addition of water in cement to create the final product of concrete also consumes a large quantity of water.Similarly, the cement industry is highly energy intensive, especially during the kiln life stage (CIF 2003). Generally, cement plants today use natural gas, heavy oil and coal for fuel (Chen et al 2010). However, as coal accounts for almost 40 per cent of manufacturing costs, the utilization of fossil fuels in cement production has decreased since 1990 and has been partly substituted by alternative fuels (CIF 2003). The impact the high consumption of fossil fuels possesses on the environment is deepen greenhouse releasement into the atmosphere, thus contributing to global warming (Chen et al 2010).Therefore, environmental consideration of adequate selection of alternative fuels is cru cial in minimizing the environmental footprint. Outputs Waste Furthermore, the outputs within each life stage also exhibit environmental leaves throughout the entire cycle, from resource extraction through to landfill (Chen et al 2010). The outputs fluctuate and substitute between atmospheric emissions, waterbourne wastes, solid wastes and other co-product releases (CIF 2003).These outputs, in conjunction with the reasonably high input consumption, are the causes of the evident impacts the industry posses on the environment. Lemay & Leed (2011), mention in a broad perspective that institutionalize emissions atomic number 82 to climate change, resource depletion, water consumption, ecotoxicity, eutrophocation, human health criteria, habitat alteration, smog formation and acidification are the main documented impacts that occur throughout the cement manufacturing process, whether it be instant or over time (Lemay & Leed 2011).Although there is clearly a vast array of impacts asso ciated with cement manufacturing and concrete assembly, the impact on air quality and land quality appear to be considered by numerous LCAs to be a vital issue associated with manufacture, therefore they will be analyzed in more thorough detail. Air Quality and Pollution Air pollution is highly likely to occur throughout each life stage of cement production, whether it is a result of fuel combustion or particulates from raw and finished materials (CIF 2003).Eco Tech (2011) mentions in its Cement Industry Report, that the uttermost crucial impacts associated with air pollution include hydrocarbons and particulates which posses a threat to human health and environmental quality, and greenhouse gas emissions accelerating climate change (EcoTech 2011). In relation to Greenhouse gas emissions, Chen et al (2010) scrutinized in his Cement Plant Evaluation, that different Portland cement plants around the world is under pen up inspection these days because of the large volumes of CO2 emitt ed (Chen et al 2010).The report also continues to address that almost one tonne of CO2 is released for every one tonne of cement produced in the industry, which appears to be momentous considering in the year 2010, the world produced approximately 3. 6 billion tonnes of cement (Rosenwald 2011). Contrary to greenhouse gas emissions, dust emissions are at their highest peak at the initial quarry stage and the final building demolition stage, as a result of forceful blasting and obliterating (Chen et al 2010).Other sources of dust emissions, however, are raw mills, kilns/ clinker coolers and cement mills. The Cement Industry Federation (2003) states that transportation of raw materials from the quarry to the site and stockpiles of raw materials contribute significantly to dust emissions (CIF 2003). Overall, the dust emissions released throughout the different life stages impact momentously on air quality, thus it threatens human health and overall environmental quality. Dust is the mos t common and extensive air pollutant from a quarry (CIF 2010).It has different origins in a quarry site such as mechanical handling operations that include crushing and grading process haulage with which is related to the vehicle, and the nature and embodiment of the way blasting additional manufacturing operations and wind blow from paved areas, stockpiles (Chen et al 2010) . Land Quality and Biodiversity The central issue of cement production upon land quality comes from quarrying, atmospheric deposition, disposal of wastes and storage of raw material (CIF 2003).These issues, predominantly atmospheric deposition, arise from merely every life stage of cement manufacturing therefore it is an issue that must be taken into great consideration (Chen et al 2010). Quarrying and landfill have both direct and indirect environmental impacts on land and its surrounding biodiversity (Chen et al 2010). The direct impacts include habitat destruction thus biodiversity loss, dust inhalation and noise from rock drilling and blasting (CIF 2010). Subsequently, the effects of cement works on habitats are difficult to quantify, however the potential harm is much greater in vulnerable areas.The US Environmental Protection Agency (2002), states in their report that two large in operation(p) cement plants in England are located on the edge of National Parks, therefore site selection must be considered in depth prior to implementation (USEA 2002). On the other hand, indirect impacts can potentially cause different catastrophes such as landslides and flashfloods in and around quarry sites (Chen et al 2010) . Furthermore, dust particulate has physical effects on plants, such as damage and blockage to the leaf surface, which may lead to death if photosynthesis is unable to occur (Chen et al 2010).Chemical effects on the other hand, can potentially produce changes in soil chemistry, which ultimately leads to changes in the long term associated with plant chemistry alterations, species ambition and community structure (CIF 2010). Dust particulates from quarrying and wastes also affect waterways, as supplementary sedimentation may cause nearby reservoirs to dry out or flood (Chen et al 2010) . Alternative Suggestions in Minimizing Environmental Impact Solutions for Minimising Ecological FootprintDue to the significant amount of energy consumed in cement manufacturing, the cement industry has intimately focused over a long design on escalating plant efficiency and decreasing energy consumption. Cement Australia (2010) affirms that the Australia Cement Industry has seen a 23% decrease in CO2 emissions in the period between 1990-2009 (Cement Australia 2010). Although this is a significant decrease, further methods could potentially be utilized to further cutback consumption. Firstly, energy could be more efficiently recycled and transferred within the plant system.For example, excess heat from the clinker cooler being transferred back to the kiln stage to prevent energy waste should be utilize in all modern cement plants (Lemay & Leed 2011). Secondly, alternative fuels should be enhanced, especially in clinker manufacture. Alternative fuels may include items such as tyres, oils and tarrow. Solutions for Improving Air Quality As mentioned earlier, air emissions for GHG release has improved over the last cristal as a result of utilization of alternative fuels.This however, has the potential to be further improved, therefore complete replacement of fossil fuels to alternative fuels could potentially take place to whole eradicate GHG releasement (Lemay & Leed 2011). In addition, the Cement Industry Federation (2010) asserts that improvement techniques for dust collection such as baghouse dust collectors has also been implemented over the past century (CIF 2010). Although there have been improvements, likewise, the potential for further development still remains. peradventure aspects of the layout design could be improved, as a means of stock pile design and transportation throughout the system.Containment of conveyors could be implemented and perhaps pipelines, which substitute transport to and from the quarry to the plant, could be considered to prevent particulate emissions being released (Lemay & Leed 2011). In addition, the moistening of the raw material throughout the crushing stages via sprays could also potentially to instigated to minimize dust release (CIF 2010). Filters and collectors could also be applied within each stage so the dust gathered can be sent through to the kiln for clinker production Solutions for Minimising Land DegradationUnfortunately quarrying and landfill in any form will impact on land quality, however methods such as buffer zones between deeds and alternative habitats for defined species could be considered in an attempt to conserve biodiversity within or around the sites (Lemay & Leed 2011). reclamation programs to restore once existing biodiversity on site could also be considered whe n the quarry material is completely exploited. Additionally, as displayed in the life cycle review, recycling of the final concrete material is an option as opposed to landfill.Perhaps the promotion of further cement and concrete recycling could be considered to avoid the amount of quarrying required. This would also minimize the amount of product discarded into landfill, thus retaining natural habitat. References Abdul-Wahab S. 2006. Impact of fugitive dust emissions from cement plants on nearby communities. Ecological Modelling. Vol 195. Issue 3-4. Page 338-348. Anonymous. 2012. How Portland Cement is Made. Portland Cement Association. purchasable www. cement. org/basics/howmade. asp. (Last Accessed 7/10/12) Cement Australia. 2010. Environmental Performance. Cement Australia. Available www. cementaustralia. com. au/wps/wcm/ ascribe/website/cement/home/sustainable-development/environmental-performance (Last Accessed 10/10/12) Cement Concrete and Aggregates Australia (CCAA). 2010. Sustainable Concrete Materials. CCAA. Available www. concrete. net. au/sustainability/documents/documents2. pdf. (Last Accessed 7/10/12) Chen C, Habert G, Bouzidi Y, Jullie A. 2010. Environmental impact of cement production detail of the different processes nd cement plant variability evaluation. Journal of Cleaner Production.Vol 18. Issue 5. Page 478-485 Lemay L, Leed A. 2011. Life Cycle judgment of Concrete Buildings. Concrete Sustainability Report. Available www. nrmca. org/sustainability/CSRO4%20-%Life%20Cycle%20Assessment%20Concrete. pdf (Last Accessed 10/10/12 Nisbet M. 1996. The Reduction of imagination Input and Emissions Achieved by Addition of Limestone to Portland Cement Research and Development Information. Portland Cement Association. Canada Obajana Cement Project. 2005. Social and Environmental Impact Assessment Obajana Cement Project. Available www. jaspers. uropa. eu/attachments/pipeline/1191_social_eia_en. pdf (Last Accessed 10/10/12) Park L, Tae S, Kim T. 2012. L ife Cycle CO2 Assessment of Concrete by Compressive Strength on Construction Site in Korea Renewable and Sustainable vital force Reviews. Vol 16. Issue 5. Pages 2940 2946. Reding J, Muehlberg P, Shepherd B. 1977. Industrial Process Profiles for Environmental Use The Cement Industry. Chapter 21. Available http//www. inece. org/mmcourse/chapt6. pdf. (Last Accessed 7/10/12) Rosenwald M. 2011. Building a Better World with Green Cement. cognizance and Nature.Available http//www. smithsonianmag. com/science-nature/Building-a-Better-World-With-Green-Cement. html (Last Accessed 10/10/12) The Energy Conservation Center (ECC). 1994. Output of a Seminar on Energy Conservation in Cement Industry. United Nations Industrial Development Organisation (UNIDO). Available www. unido. org/fileadmin/ merchandise/userfiles/puffk/cement. pdf. (Last Accessed 10/10/12) US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 2010. Defining Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). US Environmental Protection Agency. Available www . gdrc. org/uem/lca/ (Last Accessed 11/10/12)

Sunday, May 19, 2019

Black Poems Essay

In the past during apartheid being discolorness meant you lost protrude in many privileges it likewise saluteed how char mass where oppressed. In this poem we cop that Mbongeni Khumalo uses the word vague in connection to all the bad things.He highlights that there is this darkness associ taked with the vividness black and that in the 1960s when roughone called you a black person it showed nothing good and that no one should be proud of being black. He also looks at all the words that acquire with black and if one looks deep into them then we see that theres a deeper meaning to that contingent word and that it has got something to do with wrong doing or bad happenings.The first line of the poem reads you dont need a sear-BELT to write blackpoems, if one looks at this line and critique it then we see that he theorises that one doesnt need a black belt to write black poem and the right smart it is create verbally from the small letter at the beginning of the sentence to the to the black belt in a big font and black poems as one word this shows that as a black person no one really paid attention to the diction of the poem.B/LACK when one looks at this word and the way it has been written then you washbowl interpret it as be lack, as if hes trying to point out that when you are black you lack in something. He march on one uses the word prac-teasing and instead of writing practising he uses the teasing showing that he was isolated for annoying black art but in his own right one discharge argue that he was not mocking it but just highlighting the points that were true and that there was a time when anything that was make by a black person was just done and not taken seriously, a black person could only go so far with their art.Trampling my so(u)l/e/ the way he has elect to break down the word soul in a way that one plenty vocalize he is trampling the word himself and he also adds an e at the end which shows that he can do anything to this poe m since it is a black poem.Served sausages made from minced pork and call(ed) it BLACK PUDDING one can say that it was called black pudding because in the black culture the only time that the families ever ate pudding which consisted of custard and fruit was during Christmas another(prenominal)wise black people perpetually feasted with meat he could also pee been referring to himself as the black sheep because he did not eat meat and in that case being black and not eating meat meant that you were a different type of black person and therefore you were out casted and you were a black sheep.I suffered a BLACK DEATH at the hands of a BLACK GUARD, what the writer brings out in this line is how black people still killed each other regardless of the fact that they were all oppressed by the same people for the same reason. The guards were also say to be puppies for the oppressors so that the hit on them could be lighter and that they could spare them their lives. So it shows that blac k people were also turned against each other and killed each other just so that they can consecrate their own end.The language that he has chosen to use is simple but the was in which he has disconnected down his words and placed them in way that one could clearly see the point he is trying to make about black poems. As one carries on to read this poem you could say that this is not a black poem but a poem about black people. He uses a playful tone but at the same time the way he stresses some words to show his point and the double meanings behind them. He also used the words to show what was happening in that time to black people trying to pass on the torch of cognisance so that people could stop being naive and actually know how things were done in that time.He attracts the reader by his title which is BLAK POWEMS which shows the way he wrote it as if he were a actually expression it in a Bantu accent, so he chose to write it the way he would say it because no one really paid close attention to the diction and the style of the way black poets wrote their poems because it always ended up being black people reading each others poems. The way this poem has been written it shows well that it is protest poem in such a sense as when one looks at the diction used in this poem and the style of writing that the poet has chosen to use.He plays with associations surrounding lightlessness to put his point across of how blackness is associated with bas things and in this case particularly back in the 1960s during times of black oppression and apartheid. The tone of this poem is in a playful but expert manner, not harsh but it keeps one intrigued that there could be so many things associated with the colour black that represent a darker side of life and the poet does a good job of bringing them out and also highlighting them.This poem makes the reader see the problems that the past could add on to a simple develop or word. The word black in this poem has been separ ated and put on a spectrum whereby we can all see the negatives that could and that are surrounding this one word in particular. The poet has also made us think of how history played out and he did this not by writing that in the 1960s this is what happened but he used words that show or highlight the main events of the 60s.

Saturday, May 18, 2019

Starbucks Case Analysis

Starbucks corporation Starbucks Corporation Vision- Founded in 1971 Starbucks imaging enouncement is To establish Starbucks as the most recognized and respected cocoa shuffling inthe beingnessand puzzleanationalcompanywith look uponsandguidingprinciples that implementee could be proud of The mass statement clearly describes the stargaze or the future of the company that is to be the worlds most well known javaho exercise and also to be the most appreciated and positively graded brand by all in all levels of state around the world. Thecompany alsofocusesitsvisiontoemployeesatisfactions,sothatthe employees ordain be happy.It was an abstract vision that reflected the vision of the founders. Mission Their mission statement from the company profile is as follows Our mission is to inspire and nurture the military man spirit adept person, one cup, and one neighborhood at a time. Their core competencies washbowl be defined as high prime(a) drinking chocolate and products at price of admissionible locations and affordable harms, provided a union to sh atomic number 18 in the umber drinking experience, and variety of choices. Their mission statement includes six elements which they regard as part of their core competencies. Our Coffee It has al dashs been, and will always be, to the highest degree quality.Were passionate about ethically sourcing the finest deep brown bonces, roasting them with great cargon, and better the lives of people who grow them. We care deeply about all of this our work is never through. Our Partners Were called partners, because its non just a job, its our passion. Together, we get over diversity to take a shit a place where all(prenominal) of us crumb be ourselves. We always get by each otherwise with respect and dignity. And we hold each other to that standard. Our Customers When we are fully eng set upd, we connect with, laughter with, and uplift the lives of our guests even if just for a few moments.Sure, it starts with the promise of a perfectly made beverage, merely our work goes far beyond that. Its really about human connection. Our Stores When our customers feel this sense of belonging, our stores execute a take holdn, a break from the worries outside, a place where you bottomland meet with friends. Its about consumption at the speeding of life roundtimes slow and savored, well-nightimes faster. Always full of humanity. Our Neighborhood every(prenominal) store is part of a community, and we take our responsibility to be good neighbors seriously. We want to be invited in wherever we do business.We can be a force for positive action bringing unitedly our partners, customers, and the community to contribute every day. Now we see that our responsibility and our dominance for good is even astronomicalr. The world is looking to Starbucks to set the in the buff standard, yet again. We will channelise. Our Shareholders We know that as we deliver in each of these sur face areas, we enjoy the kind of success that rewards our piece of groundholders. We are fully accountable to get each of these elements right so that Starbucks and everyone it touches can endure and thrive emulous returnThe advantage a business has over its competition which allows it to draw greater profit margins, retain customers and remains sustainable is referred to as its emulous advantage. Businesses father to beat some condition of belligerent advantage to be lucky in the long run. Competitive advantage can take one of three forms that reflect basic customer values customers want goods and operate (1) better, (2) cheaper and (3) faster. These forms of competitive are known as (1) incompatibleiation, (2) cost leading and (3) affectionate reaction respectively.Research has proven that having some form of competitive advantage increases profitability of a immobile , having two forms combined leads to highest profitability and firms that piss neither form perf orm poorly or generate just normal pay. Competitive advantages that are gained because the induct was on the first to enter a market are sometimes called first movers advantages. The three forms of competitive advantage are described below Differentiation Creating a unique bundle of products and/or services that will be highly valued by customers constitutes competitive advantage based on differentiation.Product features, after-gross revenue service, wanted image, technological innovation, reputation, manufacturing consistency, status symbol are attributes that can differentiate products. Each of these features can be pictureed a form of quality. Differentiation allows firms to reap higher-than-typical returns because competitive rivalry whitethornbe littleened as firms madely fuck themselves brand faithful customers are less price sensitive, impertinently entrants entering the market have to flog the barriers to en castigate.However, if legion(predicate) firms adopt a differentiation strategy olibanum they are all perceived as equals and specialists operating in niche markets whitethorn be more successful at differentiation and a continuous attempt to stay ahead of customers whitethorn result in gold plating ( the maturement of features which are not valued by consumers but add to the price). Successful differentiation expects on (1) taste what customers value, (2) being uniquely able to provide that value, and (3) being able to charge a premium price for it.Cost leadership This competitive advantage requires achieving a low-cost property relative to ones competition. untarnished cost leadership strategy involves creating a no-frills product aimed at the most typical customer in a large target market. receivedization of products and services is looked for in cost leadership and targeting a large market segment for these standard products allows for mass production techniques which create greatest possible benefits from economies of mas ter and experience curve effects.Cost leadership addresses competitive forces in the following ways holding the low-cost position convinces rivals to hold a price war, low-cost producers are protected from customer pressures of lowering prices, because of higher margins low-cost producers are better able to withstand pressures from increasing in suppliers costs, barriers to entry exist for new entrants and manufacturers use price to threaten substitute products. However, cost leadership has some drawbacks namely cost leadership can be called an all-or-nothing strategy, cost cutting that leads to loss of desirable roduct attributes can be ruinous, it is easily duplicated by competitors, and dedication to cost cutting limits a firms abilities to remain competitive in other ways. Use of an effective cost leadership strategy depends on careful monitoring of a firms internal operations and its customers assume. Quick response This form of competitive advantage stresses on the render o f the quality and cost the customer wants faster than the competition does. Quick response refers to the speed with which a new product, a product improvement, or even a managerial decision that affects the customers can be made.It is a way of looking at a firms flexibility. Competitive advantage can be achieved through quick response in which such as faster development of new products, customizing products, ameliorate existing products, delivery of ordered products,, adjusting marketing efforts, answering customers questions. Firms with quick response can avoid tete-a-tete rivalry, faster forms can charge a premium pricing, faster firms encourage quick response from suppliers, and quick response deals with the threats of new entrants and substitute products by leading in innovation themselves.However it mustinessiness be unploughed in mind, speed is not equally important to all markets or customers, speed creates stress, and speed for speeds sake does not create competitive a dvantage. Starbucks Competitive Advantage Starbucks competitive advantage is a mixture of differentiation and quick response. Since their coffee is priced at $4 a cup they are clearly not competing on costs here. In fact at Starbucks its the opposite. The brand image that has been created callable to the strong differentiated marketing efforts, the ambience of their outlets has created a brand trueness in Starbucks customers.They are involuntary to pay a premium price because they feel they are having the best coffee made with the finest quality ingredients. Starbucks achieved the first movers advantage as they were among the pioneers of coffee houses in America, also they have maintained their leadership in the market by launching new variants and varieties faster than competition does and have upgraded their menu from time to time. Their furnish chain is integrated vertically and horizontally allowing for a faster response time among suppliers and with customers. They have ut ilise elebrities to endorse their brand further enhancing their differentiation strategy. Because Starbucks has successfully differentiated itself, developed a strong brand following, has opened up outlets to cater to their target market both in U. S. A. and globally, has always strived to serve its customers faster, and think on innovation, it is able to reap higher-than-average returns. They have also been quick in realizing their failures as the case mentions them windup mound stores that were not functioning. thusly this shows that the corporation is quite flexible in its operating decisions.Starbucks Corporate Strategy- how they have used it to create a successful business model The corporate strategy for Starbucks was an expansion strategy based on opening new outlets in U. S. and expanding overseas. Operations They looked for diversification and vertical and horizontal integration to maximize control over their supply chain and maintain satisfied customers. They launched new products and variants to maintain their leadership in the market. A differentiation and quick response strategy is used. HR Starbucks looks for diversity in its employees.They employ people from various backgrounds and communicate them independence and freedom to make decisions. This has enabled Starbucks to address customers faster and reduced their response time. Also hiring people form diversified backgrounds helps them in their expansion strategy and improves their communication in new countries of expansion. Marketing Their marketing has always been coffee centric. They have strived to create a strong brand individuation and brand loyalty. Starbucks is not just about coffee. It is about providing that experience of comfort, socializing and happiness. This is what they build on.The firm has been successful in maintaining premium pricing because of the creation of a brand image that allows for it. Finance The expansions have been fairish and not based on intangible goodwil l or long destination debts. The firm has invested a lot in fixed assets and their debt to asset ratio is low. The management started closing down low running(a) stores instead of letting they operate at losses, indicating the managements concentration on financial susceptibility and having good financial ratios. The following strategies have enabled Starbucks to maximize its reach to its consumers by opening up different outlets globally hich have lead to market development and increased profitability. Starbucks expansions have all been well financed and done sensibly. Also their quickness to act in areas where they were reporting losses further shows that their Corporate strategy has lead to successful business development model. The product variety offered at Starbucks has enabled it to remain market leader thence showing that R&D efforts are paying off. The exceptional customer service due to the employment of a diversified labor force has facilitated business expansion and increased the size of the pie for Starbucks.Starbucks thus has transpose the image of coffee. The strong brand loyalty supported by a well managed expansion intention which allows them to be hold where their customers want them has made the business a success. Need analysis A need analysis is the process of sending what the users need and want. It related to the goals, inspirations and objectives of the users. Following shows the movers that contribute to customer satisfaction at Starbucks. Thus Starbucks of necessity to discover what consumers want regarding the product quality, price and service.Following are SWOT ands muller analysis of Starbucks which give a clearer picture of the strengths and environment within which the firm is operating. SWOT Analysis Strengths Brand recognition and consumer loyalty Diverse product portfolio catering to all tastes and ages, including non? coffee beverages and food items Excellent customer service and the value of the Starbucks expe rience Licensing transactionhips with top? brands such as Pepsi? Cola and Kraft that minimize costs and leverage the strategical advantages of those companiesxviii Strong employee relationships Economies of scale providing superior distribution networks and supplier power Primly? make upd retail stores incontrovertible image attributed to socialresponsibility Weaknesses Pay 23% more for coffee than market prices Saturation of the market diminishes long? term growth prospects No monetary switching costs for consumers Negative large corporation image capableness limitations of global expansion due to cultural clashes with American coffee experiences. Opportunities Have the ability to reduce premiums give for coffee Room forinternational expansion (78% ofrevenues came from the United States in fiscal 2007 and international self said(prenominal)(prenominal)? store sales growth is strong)xix Room to compete on multiple fronts including quality and price Increase licen sing relationships to further utilise brand strength to capture profits at little cost to the company Threats Increasing coffee and dairy prices Intense competition in the specialty coffee beverage business Unfavorable frugal conditions that lowerthe demand for expensive beverages Community resistance to store expansion The possibility that the demand for specialty coffee is a fad Diverging from the Starbucks experience Further diversification of fast food restaurants that cuts into market share. PESTLE ANALYSIS The PESTLE analysis of Starbucks. Political Taxation policy High taxation imposed on farmers in those countries producing the coffee bean will usually mean Starbucks pay a higher price for the coffee they purchase. Any fluctuations in taxation levels in the industry are almost certain(p)ly last passed on to the consumer Deregulation A decade ago, the USA pulled out of the ICA (international Coffee Agreement) hat set merchandise quotas for producing nations and kept the price of coffee fairly stable. Coffee quotas andprice controls ended. Since the deregulation farmers have suffered and their earnings have dropped. galore(postnominal) have struggled to make a living so have given up. International handicraft regulations/ taxs Trade issues will affect Starbucks predominantly when exporting and import goods. When another countrys government imposes a tariff it not save results in an efficiency loss for Starbucks but large income transfers can become variable with equity. This extra charge can turn a bargain into a rip-off.Also, since 9/11, trade relations have been adversely affected between the USA and some other countries. Internationalstability The international economy must be brought into makeation as it can affect Starbucks sales and markets. The aftermath of 9/11 was an example of an economic downturn that affected the world market. If the world market is in a slump it is not usually the ideal time for abusiness to look at special K expansion. Employment law A reduction in licensing and permit costs in those countries producing the coffee bean forStarbucks would lower production costs for farmers.This saving would in turn be passed on to the purchaser. Economic * affaire grade A rise in interest judge means investment and expansion plans are put off resulting in falling sales for Starbucks and their suppliers. Also mortgage repayments rise so consumers have less useable income to spend on luxuryproducts such as coffee. Low interest pass judgment should have the opposite effect. * Economic Growth If growth is low in the nation of location of Starbucks then sales may also fall. Consumer incomes tend to fall in periods of negative growth leaving less disposable income.Consumer confidence in products can also fall if the economic mood is low* Inflation grade Inflation is a condition of increasing prices. It is measured using the Retail Price Index (RPI) in the UK. Business costs will rise for Starbucks th rough inflation, as will shoe-leather costs as they thieve around for new best prices ofmaterials, menu costs will rise as Starbucks have to create new price lists. Also, uncertainty is created when making decisions not least because inflation redistributes money from lenders to borrowers. Competitors pricing Competitive pricing from competitors can start a price war forStarbucks that can drive down profits and profit margins as they attempt to increase, or at least maintain, their share of the market. * Globalisation Globalisation of the coffee market has meant farmers of the bean now earn less money than they used to. This can result in a mitigate of people willing to do it for a living, which will mean a decrease in coffee produced, resulting in a drop in Starbucks supply levels and probably profits. * Ex motley rates Starbucks are affected by exchange rates when dealing with international trade.If the value of the currency go in the country of a coffee supplierthis enables Starbucks to get more for their $ or L when importing the goods to theircountry. This saving can be passed along to the customer. Exchange rates are foreverchanging throughout the world in todays market. Social Population demographics Population demographics are a very important agent forStarbucks as they identify what parts of the population they need to aim their products at or which parts of the population they need to encourage to visit their stores more than they presently do.Looking at the table in the case theater demonstrating thepercentage of the age assemblages that drink coffee or specialty coffee it can be seen that the age groups that Starbucks should be aiming their marketing at are the peoplebetween 35 and 54. They should consider targeting the 18-24 age group as they drinkthe least amount comparatively and by encouraging this segment to choose Starbucks coffee now, there is a chance they may continue to drink it long into the future.Income distribution Where i ncome is distributed is another factor that Starbucks should look at as this also demonstrates the ideal place to aim their marketing or to locate their stores. Coffee is more of a luxury product so it is those people/places with the most amount of disposable income to spend that should be targeted the most intensely. * Attitude to work Starbucks would not want to locate to an area where the topical anestheticpopulation have a poor attitude to work. Recruitment would be difficult, training arduous, and round perturbation would be high. Attitudes to work are important in otherways.A large number of workers in large cities now go out for their lunch rather than use an internal canteen. Starbucks can use this to their advantage and promote the shop as a place where people can meet up and so it will mean that they will get alarger amount of people in their stores at this time of the day. * Standard of education/skills When Starbucks are deciding upon new premises they must look at the standards of education and skills locally. They must be sure there arepeople who live there with sufficient skills to understand successful operation of thebusiness, or at least the potential to learn that comes with a good education. Working conditions/ safeguard Those people with the most disposable income, e. g. young single professionals etc, will be accustomed to high standards. Starbucks must ensure its shops are clean and comfortable, service is of the highest order and health and safety issues are fully address * Location Transport needs to the premises must be considered for both staff and customers. Easy access is vital to ensure there is no excuse for staff to arrive late orfor customers not to visit. Age distribution Research shows the average age of the population is getting olderand birth rates are stagnating. Starbucks is presently aiming its product at youngpeople but maybe these views will change in the long-term as the market proportion for young people dim inishes. The most profitable way forward may be to widen theirtarget market despite the risk of alienating present customers. * Health consciousness Good health and foodstuffs associated with healthy living are important I todays market place, as this is a trend that is occurring at the moment in western societies.Starbucks can use this information when deciding the additionalproducts to sell, as well as coffee, as a large number of their customers are looking forhealthy alternatives to cakes and biscuits, which have been associated with coffee in the past. Technological * IT development Starbucks is always looking to develop and improve its Internet facilities. Starbucks launched its first-generation e-commerce Web site in 1998. In late1999, Starbucks decided the site needed a major upgrade to enable new functionality and prepare for long-term growth.To achieve these goals, Starbucks upgraded to Microsoft Commerce Server 2000, one of the key Microsoft . NET Enterprise Servers. As a result, scalability and performance have improved, and the company now has the as well asls it needs to profile and target customers, analyze site data, and deliver new features to the market in the shortest time possible. * advanced materials and processes Developments in the technology of coffee making machines and the computers that Starbucks use to run their cash registers will enable their staff to work more quickly and efficiently.This will result in customers being served quicker and create the potential to serve more customers in a day. This willprevent customers from having to wait around for long periods thus improving customer relations along with increasing the customer base. * Software upgrades In the short-term, Starbucks must identify the most efficient software upgrades to use to keep up with the competition. This applies to the improving the accessibility of their website (www. starbucks. com) and also improving the speed and quality of the service provided o n the shop floor. Research and Development activity As a multi-national business empire, Starbucks has the budget and the resources to have a cutting-edge R+D department. The website is very accessible, the facilities are state of the art but more importantly new ideas are consistently being tried in terms of a constantly updating menu. * Rate of technological change The rate of technological change in the current world market is high, much higher than, say, thirty years ago. Much of this is down to the Internet and the speed with which information can be communicated around the globe.Starbucks will need to invest hard just to stand still in their ever expanding and developing market, and even more so to try to stay ahead of competitors. Legal * Trade and product restrictions Starbucks need to be aware of the trade laws in the various countries they occupy and do business with. They need to ensure they are not in rape of e. g. , religious laws. Also, certain countries impose a tariff that has to bepaid when goods are imported/exported so this must be taken into account. * Employment law Each country has varying employment laws.Some may have aSabbath day, diwali,some may have a limit on the number of hours an employee may workper week, all will have varying levels of minimum wage. Starbucks should considerthese factors when deciding on relocation. * Health and Safety regulations Starbucks may find these regulations are not as stringent or well enforced in certain countries. It would be wise though to enforce universally high standard of health and safety throughout all its shops to maintain a good global image and ensure all laws are carryd by.Also, by not maintaining high standards they will be liable for a large amount of civil cases as it is a legal requirement for them to enable that their staff and customers are safe when they are intheir stores. * Monopolies commission If Starbucks consider expanding their operations furtherto control an even lar ger percentage of the market than they already have they will have to consider the possibility of breaking monopolies legislation as they may have a share of the market that is too large. This would mean that they would have unfairadvantage over other companies in the same market.This would mean that they couldbenefit from economies of scale and would also be able to charge prices that were not competitive in the market and get away with it due to the lack of competition. * Land use Starbucks may have to abide by local planning regulations when building shops or altering purchased sites, as certain areas of land may be protected orunsuitable. All matters would be addressed by the local government. Environmental defilement problems Starbucks customers create a lot of waste as they often leave the shop with their cup of coffee and then dispose of it in the street.The packaging forthis cup must be carefully considered to make it as biologically degradable aspossible. Certain other ma terials can be very harmful to the natural environment. * planning permissions Planning permission may not be granted if Starbucks wish tobuild in an area that could be harmful to the environment. The land may be protected. * Work disposal Starbucks need to carefully consider the methods in which they dispose of their waste as there are strict laws in most countries to ensure a firm trading in their country disposes of the waste that is created in their business in a specific and efficient way.If they do not follow these laws they may find themselves being sanctioned, which not only affects them financially but also tarnishes the reputation ofthe brand name, as most of the waste created will take for the logo of Starbucks. * Environmental pressure groups Starbucks should be aware of the physical and influential power of groups such as Greenpeace and Friends of the Earth. Any violation of animal or environmental rights by a company is usually followed by a swift and attention-dr awing protest from one of the groups.Brand image and customer bases are often irreconcilably tarnished due to the actions of these groups doormans five forces Barriers to Entry Medium-High Low pileus requirementIt can be varied dependonthe location, butit would be safe to saycoffee industry stillrequires low capital compared to other industries. Littleproductdifferentiation It is difficult to establish a certain unique scent for coffee. can be offered at restaurants which normally dont serve coffee as a beverage this will allow for even lesser investment.Threat of Substitutes High Soda, young fruit succus, healthy juice for drink and tea are all direct substitutes for coffee. Alcohol drink- beer, wine,cocktail,and more can be corroboratory substitutes. ( Alcohol drinks will be sold in only a few selected places,so it istoo earlytoget rid of alcohol drinks in the threat of substitution part. ) Bargaining power of emptor Medium-high Even though the price goes up, the buyers w ho like onlyStarbucks would still come. The brand has generated enormous brand loyalty. Buyers canbuy their coffee from variousplaces Starbucks has their storesall over the nation, so as other major companies do. Buyers have a lot of substitutes to choose from. Supplier Power Low-Medium Starbucks is a global coffee chain and many suppliers are eager to work with them. The company has successfully established vertical integration to make suppliers loyal to its supply chain. It can be problematic ifa certain productsuppliers raise the price of their product, such as green tea powder or coffee bean.Although Starbucks decided tochange their suppliers because it still takes some time to informto the customer and price changes will be inevitable. Industry Rivalry High Many companies Coffee Bean, Mcdonalds, Dunkin Donuts, and localcafe. Also McDonalds had started an advertising attack aimed directly at Starbucks precept $4 coffee is dumb. Thus rivalry was high. Many people started to loo k formorehealthyand freshjuice instead of coffee, so there is little chance that demand is growing at the same rate as it was earlier.