The Conditional Tense of Spanish

Just as in English, the conditional tense of verbs in Spanish is difficult to classify. Unlike the past, future and present tenses, it doesnt always refer to a particular period of time. And while its name suggests that it is used when theres a condition involved, in Spanish it also has some close connections with the future tense. In fact, in Spanish, the conditional tense is known as both el condicional and el futuro hipotà ©tico (the hypothetical future). The conditional also has various uses that dont at first glance seem closely related. But the connection among them is that verbs in the conditional dont refer to events that definitely or necessarily have happened or are happening. In other words, the conditional tense refers to acts that can be seen as hypothetical in nature. Conditional Tense Often Translates English 'Would' Fortunately for those of us who speak English, the theory is fairly easy to apply, since the conditional tense can usually be understood as the Spanish verb form that is used to translate English would verb forms. In most cases where we use would in English we use the conditional in Spanish, and vice versa. As long as you remember the rare exceptions, you wont go wrong often by thinking of the conditional as the would tense. Here are some examples (in boldface) of the conditional tense in use: No comerà ­a una hamburguesa porque no como animales. (I wouldnt eat a hamburger because I dont eat animals.)Si pudiese, vivirà ­a en Guadalajara. (If I could, I would live in Guadalajara.)Hay seis pelà ­culas que yo pagarà ­a por ver. (There are six films I would pay to see.) Here are the major usages of the conditional that can be understood by using the English would. If the explanations are confusing, read the examples for clarification: Using the Conditional for Actions Conditioned on Something Else Another way of putting this is that the conditional indicates the possibility of an action related to specific circumstances. The circumstances (that is, the condition) can be stated, but they dont have to be. Note the following examples, with the conditional verb in boldface: Si tuviera dinero, irà ­a al cine. (If I had money, I would go to the movies. The condition is having money. In this case, the condition in Spanish is stated in the imperfect subjunctive, as is very common. It is also stated in the subjunctive in the English sentence, and this is one of the few constructions where the subjunctive form is still used in English today.)Yo comerà ­a la comida, pero soy vegetariano. (I would eat the meal, but Im vegetarian. (he condition is being a vegetarian.)Marà ­a habrà ­a venido, pero su madre estaba enferma. (Mary would have come, but her mother was sick. The condition is her mothers sickness. This sentence is in the conditional perfect form, using the conditional tense of haber followed by the past participle.)Marà ­a habrà ­a venido. Mary would have come. (This sentence is the same as the one above, but without the condition explicitly stated. The condition would have to be inferred from the context.)Con mà ¡s dinero, yo ganarà ­a. With mo re money, I would win. (The condition is having money. This is a case where a condition is expressed without using si.)Yo no hablarà ­a con ella. (I wouldnt talk with her. The condition is unstated.) Using the Conditional in a Dependent Clause Following a Past Tense Sometimes, the conditional is used in a dependent clause that follows a main clause that uses a past-tense verb. In such cases, the conditional tense is used to describe an event that might have happened after the event in the main clause. A few examples should help clarify this usage: Dijo que sentirà ­amos enfermos. (He said that we would feel sick. In this case, feeling sick happened, or might have happened or will happen, after he made his statement. Note that in such a sentence construction, the que, or that, doesnt always have to be translated into English.)Supe que yo saldrà ­a. (I knew I would leave. As in the above sentence, the act of leaving isnt connected to a specific period of time, except that it takes place, or could take place, at some time after the knowing.)Me prometià ³ que ganarà ­an. (She promised me they would win. Again, we cant tell from this sentence whether they actually won, but if they did it came after the promise.) Using the Conditional for Requests The conditional can also be used to make requests or some statements sound less blunt. Me gustarà ­a salir. I would like to leave. (This sounds gentler than Quiero salir, I want to leave.) ¿Podrà ­as obtener un coche? (Would you be able to get a car?) Note that querer in the subjunctive is sometimes used in a similar way: Quisiera un taco, por favor. I would like a taco, please. Conjugating the Conditional Tense For regular verbs, the conditional tense is formed by adding a suffix to the infinitive. The same suffixes are used for -ar, -er, and -ir verbs. Hablar is used here as an example: hablarà ­a (I would speak)hablarà ­as (you would speak)hablarà ­a (you/she/he/it would speak)hablarà ­amos (we would speak)hablarà ­ais (you would speak)hablarà ­an (you/they would speak) Key Takeaways As its name suggests, the Spanish conditional tense is typically used, like would, to indicate that a verbs action that is conditioned on some other event, which need not be explicitly stated.The conditional tense can refer to real or hypothetical actions in past, present, and future.The same method is used to form the conditional tense for all regular verbs, regardless of whether they are -ar, -er, or -ir verbs.

Essay on Informative Speech Outline - 1144 Words

Informative Speech: Nuclear Energy Purpose: The purpose of this speech is to inform others about the production, utilizations and impacts of nuclear energy. I. INTRODUCTION A. Attention Getter: When most people think of nuclear energy, the first thing that comes to their minds is a devastating bomb explosion or a nuclear power plant meltdown. But, in reality, nuclear energy is a sustainable energy source that has an enormous variety of uses. B. Thesis: The uses of nuclear energy range from being a clean, renewable energy source to cutting edge medical procedures. C. Credibility: The worlds first exposure to nuclear energy came with the detonation of two atomic bombs in Japan in 1945. Scientists perceived a positive aspect of†¦show more content†¦Transition: Now that we know how nuclear energy is produced, let’s talk about some ways it is utilized in modern society. Second Main Point III. Uses of nuclear energy A. Nuclear power plants use heat created by nuclear reactions to heat water and create steam which turn turbines to produce power. i. Reactor operators control the chain reaction created by nuclear fission to regulate the amount of heat generated and energy produced. ii. The fuel for this process is the metal uranium. It must be enriched before it can be used for producing energy because mined uranium is around 99.3% uranium-238, it does not split easily when exposed to neutrons, which makes it a poor fuel. The other 0.7% of mined uranium is uranium-235, which makes excellent fuel. The enrichment process consists of increasing the ratio of uranium-235 to uranium-238. B. The medical field also benefits from nuclear energy. Nuclear medicine is a field of medicine in which radioactive materials are used to diagnose and treat medical disorders i. Certain chemical elements tend to concentrate in one part of the body. For example, nearly all of the iodine that we consume goes to the thyroid gland. ii. The radioactive form of an element acts in the same way the nonradioactive form does. When a person ingests iodine it concentrates in the thyroid gland whether it is in a radioactive or nonradioactiveShow MoreRelatedInformative Speech Outline802 Words   |  4 PagesInformative Speech Outline I. Introduction A. Thanks 1. Thanks professor Tuckerman for the introduction. B. Salutation 1. Good afternoon ladies and gentlemen. C. Ethos 1. What increases heart rate, causes sleep disturbance, makes people cry, act violent, makes some people sleep more and causes untold aches and pains? It s Wednesday! Six hours of homework to do, babysit the little sister, feed the dog, cut the grass, oh and lets not forget your boyfriend is being a jerkRead MoreInformative Speech Outline2182 Words   |  9 Pageswithout stating to whom these ideas or statements belong to. A student suspected of plagiarism can be given a zero mark, and possibly fail the entire course. Assessment: Impromptu speech 10% Informative speech (15% speech, 5% outline) 20% Show and Tell Poster Session (10% speech, 10% poster) 20% Assignment : Group Interaction 10% Final Examination 40% __________________________________________________________________ Total 100% Read MoreInformative Speech Outline1598 Words   |  7 PagesSamantha Audiffred Honors Comm 110 Marieke Spiegelhoff Informative Speech Outline 25 February 2015 Audience Analysis ( ½ page)   Ã‚  Ã‚   The target audience for the informative speech is the honors communication 110 class and the professor. The class makeup is eight males and twelve females for the 20 students. This is a required course for all students attending UW-Whitewater; therefore, the majors and interests of the students will vary greatly. 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Managing Diversities and Equal Opportunities †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Managing Diversities and Equal Opportunities. Answer: Introduction: The literary column has implied that gender inequality in the workplace of most of the Japanese firms has not been changed and the government is continuously trying to improvise the situation. The column is indicative of the fact that foreign investment can play a triumphant role in mitigating the issue as foreign companies have started to promote the significance to promote female employment. The column has been found extremely relevant as it not only shows the current place of gender diversity in the country but also has suggested a convenient way. The article indicates that it is a staple issue in Japan that the country lacks low number of female physicians in health care organizations. The article indicates that the female physicians need to have a working atmosphere that has gender diversity, part-time job option and flexible shift-timing. The article is significant enough for the present context as it implies the health care sector of Japan is also suffering from lack of gender diversity. The article has purposefully conducted a research to identify the role of foreign investment, foreign share ownership and local actors in constructing a global workplace with gender diversity. The article indicates that foreign share ownership and the experts of CSR have significant contribution than local heroes in improving the condition of gender diversity in Japan. The article is relevant based on the fact that it has indicated the indifference of most of local investors but also has pointed out how foreign share ownership can be utilized to mitigate the issue of gender diversity. The article investigates to identify to which extent, women managers and their participation impacts on workplace and productivity of an organization. The article findings show positive result and indicate that there is a strong relationship between women participation, gender diversity and corporate performance. The article is relevant for the present topic as it indicates the necessity of gender diversity for corporate performance. The article establishes the fact that employment barriers for the regular women workers in Japan have not been mitigated till now. The article have used an analytical design of workplace masculinity through which the article has recognized the particular way through which vertical segregation of sex is legitimized in organizations. With the help of the particular framework, the author has indicated that Japanese business firms need to improvise the prospects for women workers. The article has been proved to be one of the most relevant resources for the topic as it has fruitfully implied how women workers in Japan are being deprived for gender inequality. The distinct academic article has chiefly concentrated on the emerging contribution of foreign on the role and significance of female workers in Japanese workplaces. More precisely, it has been understood from the article that it is a true fact that among the foreign-acquired organizations in Japan, the role of female employees is started to get acknowledgement recently. However, the article strongly points out that instead of gaining acknowledgement lately, the fundamental condition of the women employees and the orthodox attitude towards them have not been changed. The findings presented in the article is indicative of the fact that change of ownership may bring necessary change in practice though, in order to change the orthodox patter of addressing contribution of female workers, it is required to acquire wide societal shift. The contents in the article are identified to be relevant to the considered topic and inform about the truth that till now the aspect of gender diversity has not been adopted appropriately by most of the Japanese organizations. The article informs that business firms having female outside authority or director serves lower costs the publicly traded organizational debt. Furthermore, it indicates that the governance of female outside director in stimulating corporate governance and firm characteristics have helped varied Japanese organization to avoid debt. The article significantly highlights the importance of gender diversity and the contribution of female directors in lowering corporate debts. Therefore, it is a relevant piece of literature for the present purpose. The article informs about the fact that the number of women entrepreneurs and their contribution to Japans economy is increasing in the contemporary era in Japan. The article inaugurates its concentration by indicating that the number of both female and male entrepreneurs in Japan is relatively less than other countries. The article informs that a long term support system along with potential connection between business supporters and business owners from family is required for maximizing the involvement of women entrepreneurs and workers in Japan. The article is significant for the considered topic as it infers that Japan is growing with women entrepreneurs and it will benefit the nations economy in near future. References: Abe, Y., Javorcik, B., Kodama, N. (2016). Multinationals and Female Employment: Japanese Evidence. Centre for Economic Policy Research. Arima, M., Araki, Y., Iseki, S., Mitaka, C., Hirai, N., Miyazaki, Y. (2016). Openness to Gender and Work-Term Diversity among Physicians in Japan: A Study of Alumni from a Japanese Medical School. Diversity Equality in Health and Care. Mun, E., Jung, J. (2013). Local Construction of a Global Standard: Foreign Share Ownership and Workplace Gender Diversity in Japan. Nakagawa, Y., Schreiber, G. M. (2014). Women As Drivers Of Japanese Firms' Success: The Effect Of Women Managers And Gender Diversity On Firm Performance. Journal of Diversity Management (Online), 9(1), 19. Nemoto, K. (2013). When culture resists progress: masculine organizational culture and its impacts on the vertical segregation of women in Japanese companies. Work, employment and society, 27(1), 153-169. Olcott, G., Oliver, N. (2014). The impact of foreign ownership on gender and employment relations in large Japanese companies. Work, employment and society, 28(2), 206-224. Tanaka, T. (2014). Gender diversity in the boards and the pricing of publicly traded corporate debt: evidence from Japan. Applied Financial Economics, 24(4), 247-258. Welsh, D. H., Memili, E., Kaciak, E., Ochi, M. (2014). Japanese women entrepreneurs: implications for family firms. Journal of Small Business Management, 52(2), 286-305.

Isaiah Berlin Essays (2162 words) - Social Philosophy,

Isaiah Berlin Isaiah Berlin became one of our century's most important political theorists for liberty and liberalism in an age of totalitarianism. He was born in Riga, Latvia in 1909 into a well to do Jewish family. At the age of 12 he moved to Petrograd and experienced first hand the Bolshevik revolution, which would later influence his intellectual ideas about totalitarianism (Gray 3). In 1921 his family moved to London and sent Isaiah to school. His schooling lead him to Oxford where he took a position as philosophy professor in 1931. His English schooling led him to become a disciple of classical liberalism in the English tradition of Mill, Locke, and others (Berger). During World War II the British put him to work in their Foreign Service department where he became a favorite advisor of Churchill (Honderich 92). After the war his major political theory was developed as he moved into political philosophy and history as his areas of emphasis. His most famous and important works, a lecture, ?Tw o Concepts on Liberty?, and an essay, ?The Hedgehog and the Fox? where produced in the 1950's. Knighted in 1957 and he became the first Jewish fellow at Oxford's All Souls College and chair of social and political theory at Oxford. After that he later became president of the newly created Wolfson College and then President of the British Academy (Honderich 92). After his death in 1997 historian Arthur Schlesinger stated that he is one of the finest liberal thinkers and political theorists of the twentieth century (Schlesinger 1). Isaiah Berlin is unique among intellectuals in the fact the he didn't produce a magnum opus during his life. He stated, ?that he had no desire to sit in front of a desk with a blank piece of paper,? and didn't care about it influencing his academic legacy (Berger). Most of his works came in the form of essay's and lectures, as his two most famous are, ?The Hedgehog and the Fox? and ?Two Concepts of Liberty.? He wrote few actual books and had most of his work collected and published by Henry Hardy, once of his graduate students (Gray 4). He never tried to advocate a certain political philosophy and was actually quite against any ?right? political philosophy. Through his essays and lectures he made critiques on the current systems and made observations on liberty, nationalism, and socialism. A strict stand against totalitarianism is one of the concepts that can be seen throughout much of Berlin's work. His strong liberal views clashed with totalitarianism in age where it dominated. Much of his distaste also came from his own personal experience with communism and fascism. He lived during the Russian Revolution and saw first hand its effect on the Russian people. ?I was never pro-communist. Never?anyone who had, like me, seen the Russian revolution at work was not likely to be tempted (Houston Chronicle News Service).? He detested fascism but not as vocally as communism since most of it had been eradicated during World War II. Berlin had relatives during World War II left in Riga who where killed both by Nazi and Soviet Communist forces (Gray 3). This fact no doubt further heightened his contempt for both systems. An essay in 1953 entitled the ?Hedgehog and the Fox? became one of his most popular works in the United States. Taking its name from a line by the Greek poet Archilochus, it was one part literary criticism on War and Peace and an attack on the inevitability of history (Greenburg). Initially published under the title ?Leo Tolstoy's Historical Sceptiscism? he changed it to the, which according to British Publisher George Weidenfeld did more for his reputation than any other (Greenburg). Berlin asserted that individual's act freely in history and has a choice in their destiny. Tolstoy took the Marxian view that history was inevitable. ?The characters despite the constraints of circumstance according to Berlin act freely and thus are morally accountable for their decisions? (Greenburg). Berlin thought that the characters still had free wills over their choices despite the situation they where in and thus history was undecided. This attack on historical inevitability shows Berlin's distas te for Marx's philosophy, particularly the Bolshevik brand of communism. Berlin's contention with